Abuso sexual en mujeres de edad fértil atendidas en el S.C.S. Pablo Neruda 2011-2012. Complicaciones médicas y obstétricas. Medidas preventivas
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2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad Piloto de Odontología.
Resumen
La Organización mundial de la Salud define a la violencia
como el uso deliberado de la fuerza física o el poder, ya
sea en grado de amenaza o efectivo, contra uno mismo,
otras personas o un grupo o una comunidad, que causa o
tenga muchas probabilidades de causar lesiones, muerte,
daño psicológicos, trastornos del desarrollo o privaciones.
También está definida como toda acción que tiene
dirección e intención de una persona realizada contra otra
con la intención de causarle daño, infringirle dolor físico,
psicológico, o ambos. La violencia en cualquiera de sus
manifestaciones es una violación a los Derechos Humanos
de las personas. En Ecuador existe un marco
constitucional y legal que explícitamente protege a las
personas que son víctimas de violencia intrafamiliar y
sexual, sobre todo a niñas, niños, adolescentes, mujeres,
discapacitados y personas de la tercera edad. Tanto el
Código Penal reformado, como el Código de la Niñez y
adolescencia y últimamente el Código de la Salud, recogen
la mayor parte de las demandas promovidas y planteadas
desde los movimiento sociales de mujeres y niños,
particularmente en cuanto a derechos sexuales,
reproductivos y delitos sexuales. En el país hay 4 239 880
mujeres en edad fértil, o sea aptas para procrear, que
representan el 29,3% de la población total, según el
Informe Descriptivo Nacional del Ministerio de Salud. Si
una de cada cuatro de esas mujeres ha sufrido violencia
sexual. Generalmente, un solo acto de violación tiene el
xv
5% de probabilidades de resultar en embarazo en víctimas
de 12 a 45 años que no utilizan ningún método
anticonceptivo, según las cifras de la FISGO. Pero los
expertos dicen que el porcentaje fluctúa enormemente,
dependiendo del ciclo de ovulación de la mujer en el
momento del coito violento. En esta propuesta se
determinará el nivel de violencia sexual en mujeres de
edad fértil relacionados a complicaciones médicas y
obstétricas. La metodología de este trabajo es empírica,
descriptiva y retrospectiva. Como propuesta se elaborará
una guía educativa. El universo estará conformado por las
pacientes que han sufrido violencia sexual y fueron
atendidas en el SCS Pablo Neruda de Guayaquil periodo
2011-2012.
PALABRAS CLAVES: VIOLENCIA, SEXUAL, AÑO
REPRODUCTIVO, COMPLICACIONES.
xvi ABSTRACT The World Health Organization defines violence as the intentional use of physical force or power, either threatened or actual, against oneself, another person or a group or community that causes or has a high likelihood to cause injury, death, psychological harm, maldevelopment or deprivation. It is also defined as any action that has direction and intent of a person made against another with intent to harm, inflicting physical, psychological, or both pain. Violence in all its forms is a violation of human rights of individuals. In Ecuador there is a constitutional and legal framework that explicitly protects people who are victims of domestic and sexual violence, especially to children, adolescents, women, the disabled and the elderly. Both the Penal Code refurbished, as the Code of Childhood and Adolescence and ultimately the Health Code, collected most of the promoted demands and raised from the social movement of women and children, particularly regarding sexual, reproductive rights and sexual offenses. The country has 4,239,880 women of childbearing age, or unfits to procreate, representing 29.3% of the total population, according to the National Descriptive Report of the Ministry of Health. If one in four of these women have suffered sexual violence. Generally, a single act of rape has 5% chance of resulting in pregnancy victims of 12-45 years who did not use any contraceptive method, according to figures from Snoop. But experts say that the percentage fluctuates greatly, xvii depending on the ovulation cycle of women at the time of violent intercourse. In this proposal the level of sexual violence will be determined in women of fertile agerelated medical and obstetric complications. The methodology of this study is empirical, descriptive and retrospective. As proposed an educational guide was developed. The universe will consist of patients who have suffered sexual violence and were treated at the SCS Pablo Neruda of Guayaquil 2011-2012 period. KEYWORDS: VIOLENCE, SEXUAL, REPRODUCTIVE AGE, COMPLICATIONS
xvi ABSTRACT The World Health Organization defines violence as the intentional use of physical force or power, either threatened or actual, against oneself, another person or a group or community that causes or has a high likelihood to cause injury, death, psychological harm, maldevelopment or deprivation. It is also defined as any action that has direction and intent of a person made against another with intent to harm, inflicting physical, psychological, or both pain. Violence in all its forms is a violation of human rights of individuals. In Ecuador there is a constitutional and legal framework that explicitly protects people who are victims of domestic and sexual violence, especially to children, adolescents, women, the disabled and the elderly. Both the Penal Code refurbished, as the Code of Childhood and Adolescence and ultimately the Health Code, collected most of the promoted demands and raised from the social movement of women and children, particularly regarding sexual, reproductive rights and sexual offenses. The country has 4,239,880 women of childbearing age, or unfits to procreate, representing 29.3% of the total population, according to the National Descriptive Report of the Ministry of Health. If one in four of these women have suffered sexual violence. Generally, a single act of rape has 5% chance of resulting in pregnancy victims of 12-45 years who did not use any contraceptive method, according to figures from Snoop. But experts say that the percentage fluctuates greatly, xvii depending on the ovulation cycle of women at the time of violent intercourse. In this proposal the level of sexual violence will be determined in women of fertile agerelated medical and obstetric complications. The methodology of this study is empirical, descriptive and retrospective. As proposed an educational guide was developed. The universe will consist of patients who have suffered sexual violence and were treated at the SCS Pablo Neruda of Guayaquil 2011-2012 period. KEYWORDS: VIOLENCE, SEXUAL, REPRODUCTIVE AGE, COMPLICATIONS
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ABUSO SEXUAL, INFECCIONES DE TRANSMISION SEXUAL, PREVENCION DE ENFERMEDADES