Desarrollo de un método para la determinación de drogas de abuso por cromatografía gaseosa/espectrometría de masas en muestra de orina en pacientes que acuden al Laboratorio Toxicológico del Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones en Salud Pública (Inspi) 2014
Fecha
2015
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
Resumen
Con frecuencia se ha considerado que las actividades de represión son la única respuesta viable a la violencia y otros delitos relacionados con la adicción a las drogas de abuso, pero se sugiere que éstas personas drogodependientes deben ser rehabilitadas, como se establece claramente en la Ley Orgánica de Salud Art. 38 que dice: “se establece como problema de salud pública el consumo de estupefacientes y psicotrópicos, fuera del ámbito terapéutico y los servicios de salud ejecutarán acciones de atención integral a las personas afectadas, orientadas a su recuperación, rehabilitación y reinserción social”(Consep,2013). Lo que significa que los servicios de salud para brindar atención a estas personas deben iniciar con el diagnóstico de consumo y éste lo realiza mediante una prueba clínica toxicológica. En el laboratorio de Toxicología del INSPI (Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública e Investigaciones), se realiza la investigación de drogas de abuso mediante el método de cromatografía en capa fina en muestras biológicas (orina y sangre) y se obtiene un resultado cualitativo no confirmatorio instrumentalmente. En este proyecto el objetivo es desarrollar un método por Cromatografía de gases y Espectrometría de Masas para la detección confirmatoria de cocaína y marihuana en muestras de orina positivas escogidas “representativamente” de los pacientes que acuden a la institución para realizarse éstas pruebas. La metodología que se usa es la Cromatografía en Capa Fina para el análisis de las muestras de orina y la CG/EM para el desarrollo del método que toma como referencia las condiciones cromatográficas con ciertas modificaciones del estudio Benavides, 2011 para la determinación de cocaína y sus metabolitos y del estudio de Pomilio, 2006 para la determinación de marihuana y sus metabolitos; la investigación se realiza con el cromatógrafo de gases del Laboratorio de Bioproductos del Centro de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas del Ecuador – Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral CIBE-ESPOL, los resultados son los protocolos diseñados para la determinación de cocaína y marihuana por CG/EM.
It is often considered that enforcement efforts are the only viable response to violence and other related drug addiction abuse crimes, but it is suggested that these drug addicts should be rehabilitated, as clearly stated in the Health Organic Law. Art 38 which says, "It is a public health problem the consumption of narcotics and psychotropic substances, outside the therapeutic area and health services will develop several taking care actions to those affected, mainly at their recovery, rehabilitation and social reintegration" (CONSEP, 2013). Which it means that health services to care for these people should start with a diagnosis of consumption that is done by a toxicological clinical trial. In the laboratory of Toxicology INSPI (National Institute of Public Health and Research), research for drugs of abuse is done by the method of thin layer chromatography in biological samples (urine and blood) and no confirmatory qualitative result is obtained instrumentally. In this project the aim is to develop a method by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry for confirmatory detection of cocaine and marihuana in positive urine samples chosen "randomly" among patients who come to the institution to do these tests. The methodology used is the Thin Layer Chromatography for analysis of urine samples and the GC / MS for method development that takes as a reference the chromatographic conditions with certain modifications of the Benavides, 2011 study for the determination of cocaine and its metabolites and the study of Pomilio, 2006 for the determination of marihuana and its metabolites. The research is made with the gas chromatograph of the Bioproducts Laboratory of the Biotechnology Research Center of Ecuador - Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral CIBE-ESPOL. The results are the protocols for the determination of cocaine and marijuana byGC/MS.
It is often considered that enforcement efforts are the only viable response to violence and other related drug addiction abuse crimes, but it is suggested that these drug addicts should be rehabilitated, as clearly stated in the Health Organic Law. Art 38 which says, "It is a public health problem the consumption of narcotics and psychotropic substances, outside the therapeutic area and health services will develop several taking care actions to those affected, mainly at their recovery, rehabilitation and social reintegration" (CONSEP, 2013). Which it means that health services to care for these people should start with a diagnosis of consumption that is done by a toxicological clinical trial. In the laboratory of Toxicology INSPI (National Institute of Public Health and Research), research for drugs of abuse is done by the method of thin layer chromatography in biological samples (urine and blood) and no confirmatory qualitative result is obtained instrumentally. In this project the aim is to develop a method by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry for confirmatory detection of cocaine and marihuana in positive urine samples chosen "randomly" among patients who come to the institution to do these tests. The methodology used is the Thin Layer Chromatography for analysis of urine samples and the GC / MS for method development that takes as a reference the chromatographic conditions with certain modifications of the Benavides, 2011 study for the determination of cocaine and its metabolites and the study of Pomilio, 2006 for the determination of marihuana and its metabolites. The research is made with the gas chromatograph of the Bioproducts Laboratory of the Biotechnology Research Center of Ecuador - Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral CIBE-ESPOL. The results are the protocols for the determination of cocaine and marijuana byGC/MS.
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DROGAS DE ABUSO, DROGODEPENDIENTES, CROMATOGRAFÍA, COCAÍNA, MARIHUANA, ESPECTROMETRÍA DE MASAS