Complicaciones urgentes de pacientes en hemodiálisis. Hospital Teófilo Dávila y propuesta de protocolo de atención de enfermería. 2011
Fecha
2012
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas
Resumen
El problema expuesto en esta investigación consiste en que muchos de los pacientes de insuficiencia renal crónica sometidos a hemodiálisis no llegan a tener condiciones ideales al realizarse este proceso terapéutico pues suelen presentar diversos problemas y complicaciones sindrómicas inesperadas que ponen en peligro la vida, Esto motivó la realización de este trabajo investigativo que permite determinar la prevalencia de las complicaciones urgentes de los pacientes en hemodiálisis y establecer los factores de riesgos y características individuales mediante una encuesta para diferenciar e identificar la frecuencia de las complicaciones urgentes de los pacientes en hemodiálisis, con los resultados obtenidos se diseñó un protocolo de atención de enfermería. El método fue de tipo descriptivo y transversal, el diseño de la investigación es no experimental. El universo de este estudio fueron todos los pacientes que se encuentran recibiendo hemodiálisis en el Hospital Teófilo Dávila de Machala, la muestra es el 100% de los usuarios que corresponden al universo. Los resultados nos permiten conocer que la enfermedad de base correspondió en mayor porcentaje a la Glomerulonefritis 16%, Hipertensión Arterial 7%, Diabetes 3%, prevalecen mayores de 61 años con 33%, de procedencia urbano marginal, de sexo masculino. Las complicaciones urgentes con mayor porcentaje esta la Hipertensión 47%, seguido de la Hipotensión 16%, presentaron como complicaciones moderadas Vértigo 47%, Taquipnea 5%, Hipertermia 5%, complicaciones de tipo leve Vómito, Calambres 30%, Prurito 21%, mientras que el 46% no presentaron en la frecuencia de tiempo con hemodiálisis predominan más de 19 meses el 72%, como signo de infección en zona del acceso vascular esta la piel caliente con 76%, Eritema 7%. En conclusión, todos presentaron algún tipo de complicación urgente durante la hemodiálisis.
The problem described in this research is that many of the chronic renal failure patients undergoing hemodialysis not get to have ideal conditions to place this therapeutic process as they usually have various problems and syndromic unexpected complications that threaten life, This motivated the conducting this research paper for determining the prevalence of urgent complications in hemodialysis patients and establish risk factors and individual characteristics through a survey to differentiate and identify the frequency of urgent complications in hemodialysis patients, with results obtained a protocol was designed nursing care. The method was descriptive and cross-sectional design of the research is not experimental. The universe of this study were all patients who are receiving hemodialysis Theophilus Davila Hospital Machala, the sample is 100% of the users that correspond to the universe. The results allow us to know that the underlying disease accounted for a greater percentage of the glomerulonephritis 16%, 7% Hypertension, Diabetes 3% over 61 prevalent with 33% of urban origin marginal male. Emergency complications with the highest percentage is 47% Hypertension followed by hypotension 16%, moderate complications Vertigo presented as 47%, 5% tachypnea, hyperthermia 5% mild complications such Vomiting, Cramps 30%, pruritus 21%, while that 46% had no time in the frequency of hemodialysis dominate more than 19 months for 72%, as a sign of infection in vascular access this area hot skin with 76%, erythema 7%. In conclusion, all had some type of complication during hemodialysis urgent.
The problem described in this research is that many of the chronic renal failure patients undergoing hemodialysis not get to have ideal conditions to place this therapeutic process as they usually have various problems and syndromic unexpected complications that threaten life, This motivated the conducting this research paper for determining the prevalence of urgent complications in hemodialysis patients and establish risk factors and individual characteristics through a survey to differentiate and identify the frequency of urgent complications in hemodialysis patients, with results obtained a protocol was designed nursing care. The method was descriptive and cross-sectional design of the research is not experimental. The universe of this study were all patients who are receiving hemodialysis Theophilus Davila Hospital Machala, the sample is 100% of the users that correspond to the universe. The results allow us to know that the underlying disease accounted for a greater percentage of the glomerulonephritis 16%, 7% Hypertension, Diabetes 3% over 61 prevalent with 33% of urban origin marginal male. Emergency complications with the highest percentage is 47% Hypertension followed by hypotension 16%, moderate complications Vertigo presented as 47%, 5% tachypnea, hyperthermia 5% mild complications such Vomiting, Cramps 30%, pruritus 21%, while that 46% had no time in the frequency of hemodialysis dominate more than 19 months for 72%, as a sign of infection in vascular access this area hot skin with 76%, erythema 7%. In conclusion, all had some type of complication during hemodialysis urgent.
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Palabras clave
Diálisis renal, Insuficiencia renal crónica, Protocolos, Atención de enfermería, Hospital General Teófilo Dávila, Cantón Machala, Ecuador, Complicaciones