Diseño de certificación ambiental para edificios sostenibles en la parroquia satélite La Aurora, Guayas, Ecuador
Fecha
2021-06
Autores
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad de Guayaquil : Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo
Resumen
La extensión urbana aumentó de manera desordenada y no planificada en Guaya-quil, lo que ha llevado a la creación de complejos habitacionales en terrenos agrí-cola en los cantones vecinos. La parroquia satélite "La Aurora" en Daule, se ha convertido en una de las ciudades "Dormitorio" de la gran Guayaquil, con 96 urba-nizaciones privadas. El sector inmobiliario es uno de los mayores consumidores de recursos ambientales, por lo que se deben implementar normas ambientales para mitigar su impacto. El diseño de una propuesta de certificación ambiental parte de la necesidad implementar estrategias para cumplir con procesos más limpios con-trolando que las actividades no superen un determinado nivel de contaminación, a lo largo de su ciclo de vida, garantizando que la edificación cumple con los están-dares o normas ambientales nacionales y/o internacionales, y que ha realizado una evaluación integral de sus procesos y de su impacto con el medioambiente.
La metodología se llevó a cabo mediante el análisis de las normas de construcción en los reglamentos existentes de los complejos habitacionales, revisión bibliográ-fica de certificaciones existentes, y evaluación de parámetros de análisis bajo los criterios de sostenibilidad. El modelo propuesto se denomina Redes de Decisión Difusas Lingüísticas Neutrosóficas (LFDN) y se utiliza junto con la preferencia de orden por similitud con la solución ideal (TOPSIS) como enfoque híbrido, junto al proceso analítico jerárquico AHP, ponderando el peso de los criterios de sostenibi-lidad y mitigación. Los indicadores para mitigar la contaminación ambiental inclu-yen el uso de materiales con bajo contenido de CO2, energía limpia en viviendas y espacios públicos, así como el aumento de áreas verdes y programas de reforesta-ción por m2, dedicados a preservar y aumentar la capacidad de las áreas protegidas.
La herramienta de evaluación de edificaciones sostenibles será una guía para el sector inmobiliario, para incorporar un plus ecológico, reduciendo el consumo de energía, uso eficiente del agua, mejorando la calidad interior y contribuirá a la mitigación del cambio climático. Por medio de la evaluación los intervinientes en el pro-yecto podrán decidir hasta qué punto será su contribución con el medio ambiente. El objetivo es que la huella de carbono pueda reducirse, y esta sea cero.
Urban sprawl has increased in a disorderly and unplanned manner in Guayaquil, which has led to the creation of housing complexes on agricultural land in neigh-boring cantons. The satellite parish "La Aurora" in Daule, has become one of the "dormitory" cities of greater Guayaquil, with 96 private housing developments. The real estate sector is one of the largest consumers of environmental resources, so environmental standards must be implemented to mitigate its impact. The design of an environmental certification proposal is based on the need to implement strategies to comply with cleaner processes by controlling that activities do not exceed a cer-tain level of contamination throughout their life cycle, guaranteeing that the build-ing complies with national and/or international environmental standards or norms, and that it has carried out a comprehensive evaluation of its processes and their impact on the environment. The methodology was carried out through the analysis of construction standards in the existing regulations of housing complexes, bibliographic review of existing cer-tifications, and evaluation of analysis parameters under the sustainability criteria. The proposed model is called Linguistic Fuzzy Neutrosophic Fuzzy Decision Net-works (LFDN) and is used in conjunction with the TOPSIS as a hybrid approach, together with the AHP hierarchical analytical process, weighting the weight of the sustainability and mitigation criteria. Indicators to mitigate environmental pollution include the use of low-CO2 materials, clean energy in housing and public spaces, as well as the increase of green areas and reforestation programs per m2, dedicated to preserve and increase the capacity of protected areas.The sustainable building assessment tool will be a guide for the real estate sector to incorporate an ecological plus, reducing energy consumption, efficient use of water, improving interior quality and will contribute to climate change mitigation. By means of the assessment, project participants will be able to decide to what extent they will contribute to the environment. The goal is that the carbon footprint can be reduced, and it is zero.
Urban sprawl has increased in a disorderly and unplanned manner in Guayaquil, which has led to the creation of housing complexes on agricultural land in neigh-boring cantons. The satellite parish "La Aurora" in Daule, has become one of the "dormitory" cities of greater Guayaquil, with 96 private housing developments. The real estate sector is one of the largest consumers of environmental resources, so environmental standards must be implemented to mitigate its impact. The design of an environmental certification proposal is based on the need to implement strategies to comply with cleaner processes by controlling that activities do not exceed a cer-tain level of contamination throughout their life cycle, guaranteeing that the build-ing complies with national and/or international environmental standards or norms, and that it has carried out a comprehensive evaluation of its processes and their impact on the environment. The methodology was carried out through the analysis of construction standards in the existing regulations of housing complexes, bibliographic review of existing cer-tifications, and evaluation of analysis parameters under the sustainability criteria. The proposed model is called Linguistic Fuzzy Neutrosophic Fuzzy Decision Net-works (LFDN) and is used in conjunction with the TOPSIS as a hybrid approach, together with the AHP hierarchical analytical process, weighting the weight of the sustainability and mitigation criteria. Indicators to mitigate environmental pollution include the use of low-CO2 materials, clean energy in housing and public spaces, as well as the increase of green areas and reforestation programs per m2, dedicated to preserve and increase the capacity of protected areas.The sustainable building assessment tool will be a guide for the real estate sector to incorporate an ecological plus, reducing energy consumption, efficient use of water, improving interior quality and will contribute to climate change mitigation. By means of the assessment, project participants will be able to decide to what extent they will contribute to the environment. The goal is that the carbon footprint can be reduced, and it is zero.
Descripción
pdf
Palabras clave
DESARROLLO SOTENIBLE, GESTIÓN AMBIENTAL, CERTIFICACIÓN AMBIENTAL