Interpretación del estudio multitemporal (CLIRSEN 1969-2006) de las coberturas de manglar, camaroneras y área Salinas en la franja costera del Ecuador Continental.
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2010
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Sobre la base de la información multitemporal contenida en los estudios de CLIRSEN (1991, 1995, 1999, 2006) se realiza el análisis multitemporal de las coberturas de manglares, camaroneras y áreas salinas de toda la franja costera ecuatoriana y de sus principales estuarios. La escasa información respecto a este tema en el ámbito de los estuarios, y la necesidad de contar con datos objetivos acerca de la condición deforestación de los manglares en el Ecuador continental, motivó la realización del presente estudio. Los principales resultados obtenidos se mencionan a continuación:
Entre 1969 y 2006 las superficies de manglares y salinas a nivel nacional disminuyeron de 203.624,6 ha a 147.228,6 ha; y de 51.496,3 ha a 3.705,22 ha, respectivamente. La mayoría de los manglares del país se encuentran en: el Golfo de Guayaquil (71,4 %), Estuario Cayapas-Mataje (14,5 %) y Archipiélago de Jambelí (10,3 %). Los estuarios más degradados son los Estuarios de los Ríos: Muisne, Chone y Cojimíes, con pérdidas de manglar del 52,5 %, 76,5 % y 79,1 % respectivamente. El estuario menos degradado es el Cayapas-Mataje que ha perdido el 9,6 % del manglar.
En el Golfo de Guayaquil y el Archipiélago de Jambelí se ha talado la mayor cantidad de manglar ya que en conjunto representan el 68,6 % del manglar talado en el Ecuador. El promedio anual de deforestación más alto se ha dado en el Golfo de Guayaquil, con 1.875,1 ha por año, para el periodo 1991-1995.
Al contrario de lo sucedido con los manglares, la superficie de camaroneras ascendió 175.660,09 ha entre 1969 y 2006. Las camaroneras se encuentran ubicadas principalmente en el Golfo de Guayaquil (58,9 %) y en el Archipiélago de Jambelí (24 %). El promedio de construcción de piscinas camaroneras más alto se ha dado en el Golfo de Guayaquil con 7.277,1 ha por año en el periodo 1984-1987.
Debido a la disminución del manglar y aumento de camaroneras, en algunos estuarios la superficie de camaroneras ha superado la superficie de manglares: por ejemplo: en el estuario del Río Chone, en el 2006, por cada ha de manglar existían 5,8 ha de camaronera, y en el estuario del Río Cojimíes 4,8 ha de camaroneras. En el estuario Cayapas-Mataje por cada ha de manglar existe 0,2 ha de camaronera.
On the base of the multitemporal information contained in studies of CLIRSEN (1991, 1995, 1999, 2006) there is realized the multitemporary analysis of the coverage’s of mangrove, shrimps farms and saline areas of the whole coastal Ecuadoran band and of his principal estuaries. This study was realized due to the scanty existing information with regard to this topic in the area of the estuaries, and to the need to possess objective information it, brings deforestation of the mangrove over of the condition in the continental Ecuador. The main results obtained are listed below: Between 1969 and 2006 the surfaces of mangrove and saline areas diminished of 203.624,6 to 147.228,6 hectare; and of 51.496,3 to 3.705,22 hectare, respectively. The majority of the mangrove of the country are in: the Gulf of Guayaquil (71,4 %), Estuary Cayapas-Mataje (14,5 %) and Jambelí's Archipelago (10,3 %). The most degraded estuaries are the Estuaries of the Rivers: Muisne, Chone and Cojimíes, with losses of mangrove of 52,5 %, 76,5 % and 79,1 % respectively. The least degraded estuary is the Cayapas-Mataje that has lost 9,6 % of the mangrove. In the Gulf of Guayaquil and Jambelí's Archipelago the major quantity of mangrove has been felled, as a whole they represent 68,6 % of the felling mangrove of the Ecuador. The annual average of deforestation more high place has been given in the Gulf of Guayaquil, with 1.875,1 hectares per year, in the period 1991-1995. Contrary to what happened to the mangroves, the surface of shrimps farms promoted 175.660,09 between 1969 y 2006. The shrimps farms are located principally in the Gulf of Guayaquil (58,9 %) and in Jambelí's Archipelago (24 %). The average of construction of shrimps farms more high place has been met in the Gulf of Guayaquil with 7.277,1 hectare per year in the period 1984-1987. Owing to the decline of the mangrove and shrimp growth, in some estuaries the surface of shrimp has surpassed the mangrove area. For example: in the estuary of the river Chone, per hectare of mangrove existed 5,8 hectare of shrimps farms; the estuary of the river Cojimíes was showing a relation of 1 hectare mangrove for 4,8 hectare of shrimps farms. In the estuary Cayapas-Mataje for hectare of mangrove exists 0,2 hectare of shrimps farms.
On the base of the multitemporal information contained in studies of CLIRSEN (1991, 1995, 1999, 2006) there is realized the multitemporary analysis of the coverage’s of mangrove, shrimps farms and saline areas of the whole coastal Ecuadoran band and of his principal estuaries. This study was realized due to the scanty existing information with regard to this topic in the area of the estuaries, and to the need to possess objective information it, brings deforestation of the mangrove over of the condition in the continental Ecuador. The main results obtained are listed below: Between 1969 and 2006 the surfaces of mangrove and saline areas diminished of 203.624,6 to 147.228,6 hectare; and of 51.496,3 to 3.705,22 hectare, respectively. The majority of the mangrove of the country are in: the Gulf of Guayaquil (71,4 %), Estuary Cayapas-Mataje (14,5 %) and Jambelí's Archipelago (10,3 %). The most degraded estuaries are the Estuaries of the Rivers: Muisne, Chone and Cojimíes, with losses of mangrove of 52,5 %, 76,5 % and 79,1 % respectively. The least degraded estuary is the Cayapas-Mataje that has lost 9,6 % of the mangrove. In the Gulf of Guayaquil and Jambelí's Archipelago the major quantity of mangrove has been felled, as a whole they represent 68,6 % of the felling mangrove of the Ecuador. The annual average of deforestation more high place has been given in the Gulf of Guayaquil, with 1.875,1 hectares per year, in the period 1991-1995. Contrary to what happened to the mangroves, the surface of shrimps farms promoted 175.660,09 between 1969 y 2006. The shrimps farms are located principally in the Gulf of Guayaquil (58,9 %) and in Jambelí's Archipelago (24 %). The average of construction of shrimps farms more high place has been met in the Gulf of Guayaquil with 7.277,1 hectare per year in the period 1984-1987. Owing to the decline of the mangrove and shrimp growth, in some estuaries the surface of shrimp has surpassed the mangrove area. For example: in the estuary of the river Chone, per hectare of mangrove existed 5,8 hectare of shrimps farms; the estuary of the river Cojimíes was showing a relation of 1 hectare mangrove for 4,8 hectare of shrimps farms. In the estuary Cayapas-Mataje for hectare of mangrove exists 0,2 hectare of shrimps farms.
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ECUADOR, MANGLAR, CAMARONERAS, SALINAS, ANÁLISIS MULTITEMPORAL