Cicatrización patológica asociada a la distribución corporal de lesiones por quemadura térmica en niños del Hospital Francisco Icaza Bustamante 2015
Fecha
2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
Las quemaduras térmicas se producen por contacto de la piel con agentes de alta temperatura, ocasionando así daño en la superficie cutánea. En el Hospital Francisco Icaza Bustamante se atienden a diario niños con quemaduras por diferentes causas, la más frecuente son quemaduras térmicas. La cicatriz secundaria a quemadura ocasiona secuelas físicas que afectan la imagen corporal y en ocasiones dejan una limitación física funcional. No existen estudios realizados en el hospital que describan cuales son las zonas corporales que con más frecuencia son afectadas por una quemadura, que tipo de cicatriz queda como secuela. Determinar qué tipo de cicatrización puede ocasionar una quemadura térmica orientará al tratamiento y seguimiento durante la hospitalización y posterior al alta. Identificar cuáles son las áreas corporales más afectadas, y los factores que influyen en el desarrollo de una cicatriz patológica ayudara a plantear estrategias preventivas. Este proyecto de investigación se realizó mediante un estudio de tipo correlacional, diseño no experimental y transversal, a través de análisis de historias clínicas de pacientes que fueron dados de alta de la unidad de quemados del hospital Francisco Icaza Bustamante en el año 2015. La muestra estuvo conformada por 70 pacientes de los cuales 36 (51,4%) presentaron cicatrización normal y 34 (48,5%) cicatrización patológica, las zonas que con mayor frecuencia presentaron cicatriz patológica fueron hombro, tórax – abdomen y la más común fue la cicatriz hipertrófica. Existe mayor porcentaje de pacientes con cicatrización patológica en varones y en niños de 1 – 5 años de edad directamente proporcional al número de casos registrados. Se encontró 17 pacientes con afectación física por cicatrices post quemadura térmica, de ellos solo el 17,6% fue permanente por cicatriz retráctil. Las quemaduras térmicas pueden desarrollar cicatrices hipertróficas la mayoría en la región de tórax-abdomen sin causar alguna limitación física importante.
Thermal burns are caused by skin contact with agents high temperature, thereby causing damage to the skin surface. Francisco Icaza Bustamante in Hospital daily care for children with burns from various causes, the most common are thermal burns. Secondary burn scar causes physical effects that affect body image and sometimes leave a functional physical limitation. There are no studies that describe the hospital which are the body parts most often are affected by a burn, that type of scar is the aftermath. Determine what type of scarring can cause a thermal burn treatment and monitoring guide during hospitalization and after discharge. Identify body areas most affected, and the factors that influence the development of a pathological scar help raise preventive strategies. This research project was carried out by a study correlational, not experimental and cross-sectional design, through analysis of medical records of patients who were discharged from the burn unit of the hospital Francisco Icaza Bustamante in 2015. The sample it was comprised of 70 patients, of whom 36 (51.4%) had normal healing and 34 (48.5%) scarring, areas most frequently were presented pathological scar shoulder, chest - abdomen and the most common was the hypertrophic scar. There is a greater percentage of patients with scarring in men and in children aged 1 to 5 years directly proportional to the number of registered cases. 17 patients with physical involvement was found by thermal burn scars post, of which only 17.6% was standing by retractable scar. Thermal burns may develop hypertrophic scars mostly in the region of the chest-abdomen without causing any significant physical limitation. ....................
Thermal burns are caused by skin contact with agents high temperature, thereby causing damage to the skin surface. Francisco Icaza Bustamante in Hospital daily care for children with burns from various causes, the most common are thermal burns. Secondary burn scar causes physical effects that affect body image and sometimes leave a functional physical limitation. There are no studies that describe the hospital which are the body parts most often are affected by a burn, that type of scar is the aftermath. Determine what type of scarring can cause a thermal burn treatment and monitoring guide during hospitalization and after discharge. Identify body areas most affected, and the factors that influence the development of a pathological scar help raise preventive strategies. This research project was carried out by a study correlational, not experimental and cross-sectional design, through analysis of medical records of patients who were discharged from the burn unit of the hospital Francisco Icaza Bustamante in 2015. The sample it was comprised of 70 patients, of whom 36 (51.4%) had normal healing and 34 (48.5%) scarring, areas most frequently were presented pathological scar shoulder, chest - abdomen and the most common was the hypertrophic scar. There is a greater percentage of patients with scarring in men and in children aged 1 to 5 years directly proportional to the number of registered cases. 17 patients with physical involvement was found by thermal burn scars post, of which only 17.6% was standing by retractable scar. Thermal burns may develop hypertrophic scars mostly in the region of the chest-abdomen without causing any significant physical limitation. ....................
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Quemaduras térmicas, Cicatriz queloide, Cicatriz hipertrófica, Cicatriz retractil, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador, Hospital del Niño Francisco de Icaza Bustamante, Pediatría