Análisis de captura de pez espada (Xiphias gladius) e incidencia asociada de condrictios en el plan piloto de pesca de altura en la Reserva Marina de Galápagos
Fecha
2015
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Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Universidad de Guayaquil
Resumen
El Plan Piloto de Pesca de Altura en la Reserva Marina se da por un convenio realizado entre el Sector Pesquero Artesanal de Galápagos (SPAG) y la Dirección del Parque Nacional Galápagos para la utilización de un arte de pesca no permitido (Empate Oceánico Modificado) con observadores a bordo de las embarcaciones de pesca para determinar la captura incidental. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo evaluar la captura de pez espada e incidencia de los condrictios en el plan piloto de pesca de altura. Se tuvo como resultados que el pez espada fue la especie objetiva menos capturada con el 4.18%, mientras que la albacora es la más capturada con el 85.81% del total de captura, dejando el 10.01% a los condrictios como incidental. Debido a estos resultados de pesca incidental el uso del Empate Oceánico Modificado está prohibido en la RMG. En el oeste de Isabela y Fernandina (Figura 3), la zona de mayor captura de pez espada (Xiphias gladius) con 68 individuos. Se identificaron 13 especies de condrictios y 97 individuos no fueron identificados siendo de 10.01% de pesca incidental del total de la captura. De los condrictios el más capturado incidentalmente fue el Tiburón Punta Negra (Carcharhinus limbatus) con un total de 98 individuos siendo el 21.68% de la captura total de especien incidental, y el Tiburón Tinto (Isurus oxyrinchus) y Tiburón Oceánico (Carcharhinus longimanus) con 1 individuo con el 0.22% de la captura total, respectivamente. Es decir, el arte de Pesca Empate Oceánico Modificado no es un arte de pesca selectivo y tiene un grado de captura de especies incidentales, lo que afecta a los ecosistemas frágiles de Galápagos, por ende este arte está prohibido utilizarlo en la Reserva Marina de Galápagos.
The “Plan Piloto de Pesca de Altura” (Deep Sea Fishing Pilot Study in English) in the Galapagos Marine Reserve was a result of an agreement between local fishermen (Sector Pesquero Artesanal de Galápagos, SPAG, in Spanish) and the Directorate of the Galapagos National Park. The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of longlines when targeting sworfish in relation to bycatch rates, especially in relation to chondrichthyans. Onboard observers from the National Park where sent in some vessels to analyze bycatch rates when fishing with longline within the waters of the Marine Reserve. As a result, the study showed that catches of target species (swordfish) were very low (i.e. 4.18%) while albacore catches represented the most of the capture (i.e. 85.81%). Chondrichthyans bycatch was reported as 10.01% of the total catch. Figure 3 shows the areas where the highest catches of swordfish (i.e. 68 individuals) where recorded (i.e. West Isabela and Fernandina). In overall, 13 species of chondrichthyans (i.e. 10.01% of the total catch) where identified in the study. For these species, blacktips (Carcharhinus limbatus) showed the highest bycatch rate (i.e. 98 individuals; 21.68% of the total bycatch), followed by the red shark (Isurus oxyrinchus) (i.e. 1 individual; 0.22% of the total catch) and the oceanic shark (Carcharhinus longimanus) (i.e. 1 individual; 0.22% of the total catch). In relation to this study, longline fishing was considered to have a high bycatch rate that may affect the marine ecosystems of the Galapagos Islands. Due to this, longline fishing was banned in the Galapagos Marine Reserve.
The “Plan Piloto de Pesca de Altura” (Deep Sea Fishing Pilot Study in English) in the Galapagos Marine Reserve was a result of an agreement between local fishermen (Sector Pesquero Artesanal de Galápagos, SPAG, in Spanish) and the Directorate of the Galapagos National Park. The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of longlines when targeting sworfish in relation to bycatch rates, especially in relation to chondrichthyans. Onboard observers from the National Park where sent in some vessels to analyze bycatch rates when fishing with longline within the waters of the Marine Reserve. As a result, the study showed that catches of target species (swordfish) were very low (i.e. 4.18%) while albacore catches represented the most of the capture (i.e. 85.81%). Chondrichthyans bycatch was reported as 10.01% of the total catch. Figure 3 shows the areas where the highest catches of swordfish (i.e. 68 individuals) where recorded (i.e. West Isabela and Fernandina). In overall, 13 species of chondrichthyans (i.e. 10.01% of the total catch) where identified in the study. For these species, blacktips (Carcharhinus limbatus) showed the highest bycatch rate (i.e. 98 individuals; 21.68% of the total bycatch), followed by the red shark (Isurus oxyrinchus) (i.e. 1 individual; 0.22% of the total catch) and the oceanic shark (Carcharhinus longimanus) (i.e. 1 individual; 0.22% of the total catch). In relation to this study, longline fishing was considered to have a high bycatch rate that may affect the marine ecosystems of the Galapagos Islands. Due to this, longline fishing was banned in the Galapagos Marine Reserve.