Eficacia de la punción, aspiración y biopsia de médula ósea (PAMO) para el diagnóstico de enfermedades oportunistas en pacientes vih positivos del Hospital Dr. José Rodríguez Maridueña en el año 2014
Fecha
2015
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Mèdicas. Escuela de Medicina
Resumen
La presente investigación analiza la eficacia de la punción, aspiración y biopsia de médula ósea (PAMO) para el diagnóstico de enfermedades oportunistas en pacientes con VIH que estuvieron ingresados en el área de medicina interna, sala de varones N°2, durante el año 2014 en el Hospital de infectologia Dr. José Rodríguez Maridueña ubicado en la ciudad de Guayaquil, Ecuador. La investigación abarca conceptos tales como el procedimiento que se utiliza para la realización de la PAMO, así como también aborda las diferentes enfermedades catalogadas como oportunistas que afectan a este tipo de pacientes. Se realizó un estudio de campo con los datos estadísticos proporcionados por el hospital y posteriormente se efectuó la tabulación y graficación de los mismos. Gracias a este proceso y al posterior análisis de resultados se pudo determinar las conclusiones de este proyecto cuya finalidad es determinar si el procedimiento de la punción, aspiración y biopsia de médula ósea, debería estar incluido en los protocolos de diagnóstico en pacientes VIH positivos, que corran riesgo de presentar enfermedades oportunistas y que presenten alteraciones en los exámenes de laboratorio. Los resultados obtenidos indican que la realización de este procedimiento (PAMO) no tiene significancia estadistica puesto que en los exámenes de cultivo y biopsia no se encuentra un alto grado de incidencias que determinen que este proceso es eficaz en cuanto a la detección de enfermedades oportunistas en pacientes con VIH.
This research analyzes the effectiveness about the puncture, and bone marrow and aspiration biopsy (BMAB) for the diagnosis of opportunistic diseases in HIV patients that where admitted on the internal medicine area, male room N°2, during the year 2014 at the Infectious diseases hospital ¨Dr. José Rodríguez Maridueña¨ located on Guayaquil, Ecuador. The investigation include concepts about the procedure, as well as it talks about the different diseases cataloged as opportunistic that affect this type of patients. A field study was conducted with statistical data given by the hospital, then the tabulation and graphing from the data was made. Thanks to this process and the analysis results I could determine the conclusions about this project which purpose was determine whether the procedure for the puncture, aspiration and bone marrow biopsy, should be included on the diagnostic procedure in HIV patients, who are at risk of opportunistic diseases and might present alterations in laboratory tests. The results of this project indicate that the performing of this procedure (BMAB) is not relevant because in the respective exams there is not highly incidents to determinate that this process is effective in the detection of opportunistic diseases in HIV patients. It is noteworthy that more than a half of the patients didn’t take the biopsy exam because the hospital doesn’t count with the resources to make this type of exams.
This research analyzes the effectiveness about the puncture, and bone marrow and aspiration biopsy (BMAB) for the diagnosis of opportunistic diseases in HIV patients that where admitted on the internal medicine area, male room N°2, during the year 2014 at the Infectious diseases hospital ¨Dr. José Rodríguez Maridueña¨ located on Guayaquil, Ecuador. The investigation include concepts about the procedure, as well as it talks about the different diseases cataloged as opportunistic that affect this type of patients. A field study was conducted with statistical data given by the hospital, then the tabulation and graphing from the data was made. Thanks to this process and the analysis results I could determine the conclusions about this project which purpose was determine whether the procedure for the puncture, aspiration and bone marrow biopsy, should be included on the diagnostic procedure in HIV patients, who are at risk of opportunistic diseases and might present alterations in laboratory tests. The results of this project indicate that the performing of this procedure (BMAB) is not relevant because in the respective exams there is not highly incidents to determinate that this process is effective in the detection of opportunistic diseases in HIV patients. It is noteworthy that more than a half of the patients didn’t take the biopsy exam because the hospital doesn’t count with the resources to make this type of exams.
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Médula ósea, Biopsia con aguja, Virus de inmunodeficiencia humana, Hospital de Infectología Dr. José Daniel Rodríguez Maridueña, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador, Infecciones oportunistas