Estudio geológico para la determinación de aguas subterráneas y su posible uso como fuente de consumo humano
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2017
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Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Universidad de Guayaquil
Resumen
El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo realizar un estudio geológico y geofísico para la determinación de aguas subterráneas para la “Unidad Educativa Fiscal Alejo Lascano Bahamonde”, ubicado en el km 17½ vía
Daule, Cooperativa San Francisco II, que corresponde al cantón Guayaquil, parroquia Pascuales, el cual permite la elaboración de un estudio hidrogeológico y utilizando los métodos sondeo eléctrico vertical (SEV), tipo Schlumberger, en que se pueda ubicar los posibles acuíferos subterráneos de interés como fuente de agua para consumo humano.
En el área de estudio se determinó la presencia de estratos de toba y arenisca tobácea, que se observa entrelazados con la diabasa, es una serie volcánica propias de la Formación Piñón, es importante mencionar que presenta rasgos estructurales considerados relevantes como fallas. Se evidenció gran cantidad de rocas con fracturas lo que da paso a la infiltración de agua por porosidad secundaria.
Por otra parte, se realizó un análisis climatológico local a través de la producción de un balance hidrológico para el periodo comprendido entre los años 1992 y 2014. Los resultados demostraron que existe déficit en los meses de junio, julio, agosto, septiembre, octubre, noviembre y diciembre, y excedente en los meses de febrero, marzo y abril; lo que quiere decir que la evapotranspiración (1594.4 mm/año) está por encima de la precipitación (1265.5 mm/año).
En último lugar, se ejecutaron un total de 6 SEV en sitios previamente seleccionados a partir de los cuales se pudieron generar los gráficos de interpretación, perfiles, mapas y pronósticos (predicciones) considerándose posible la presencia del líquido vital a partir de los 90 m de profundidad.
En los SEV1, SEV3, SEV4, SEV5 las resistividades fueron bajas, encontrándose resistividades desde 7 Ωm hasta 28 Ωm y potencias entre los 10 a 20 metros, que no permitían determinar claramente si existía agua
subterránea.
De esta manera, se estableció como sitios recomendables para captación de agua los puntos donde se efectuaron los sondeos SEV2, SEV6 debido a las altas resistividades desde 114 Ωm que presentaron las mejores condiciones hidrogeológicas.
The present work aims to conduct a geological and geophysical study for the determination of groundwater for the "Alejo Lascano Bahamonde Fiscal Educational Unit" located at km 17½ via Daule, Cooperativa San Francisco II, corresponding to the Guayaquil canton, Pascuales parish , Which allows the elaboration of a hydrogeological study and using vertical electric sounding (SEV), Schlumberger type, in which possible underground aquifers of interest can be located as a source of water for human consumption. In the study area, the presence of layers of tuff and sandstone, which is intertwined with the diabase, is a volcanic series of the Piñón Formation, it is important to mention that it presents structural features considered relevant as faults. It was evidenced a great amount of rocks with fractures which gives way to the infiltration of water by secondary porosity.On the other hand, a local climatological analysis was carried out through the production of a hydrological balance for the period between 1992 and 2014. The results showed that there is a deficit in the months of June, July, August, September, October, November and December, and surplus in the months of February, March and April; Which means that evapotranspiration (1594.4 mm/ year) is above precipitation (1265.5 mm / year). Finally, a total of 6 SEVs were executed in previously selected sites from which interpretation graphs, profiles, maps and forecasts (predictions) could be generated, considering the presence of the vital liquid from 90 m of depth. In SEV1, SEV3, SEV4, SEV5 the resistivities were low, with resistivities ranging from 7 Ωm to 28 Ωm and potencies between 10 and 20 meters, which did not allow to determine clearly if there was groundwater. In this way, the points where the SEV2, SEV6 soundings were carried out due to the high resistivities from 114 Ωm that presented the best hydrogeological conditions were established as sites recommended for water collection.
The present work aims to conduct a geological and geophysical study for the determination of groundwater for the "Alejo Lascano Bahamonde Fiscal Educational Unit" located at km 17½ via Daule, Cooperativa San Francisco II, corresponding to the Guayaquil canton, Pascuales parish , Which allows the elaboration of a hydrogeological study and using vertical electric sounding (SEV), Schlumberger type, in which possible underground aquifers of interest can be located as a source of water for human consumption. In the study area, the presence of layers of tuff and sandstone, which is intertwined with the diabase, is a volcanic series of the Piñón Formation, it is important to mention that it presents structural features considered relevant as faults. It was evidenced a great amount of rocks with fractures which gives way to the infiltration of water by secondary porosity.On the other hand, a local climatological analysis was carried out through the production of a hydrological balance for the period between 1992 and 2014. The results showed that there is a deficit in the months of June, July, August, September, October, November and December, and surplus in the months of February, March and April; Which means that evapotranspiration (1594.4 mm/ year) is above precipitation (1265.5 mm / year). Finally, a total of 6 SEVs were executed in previously selected sites from which interpretation graphs, profiles, maps and forecasts (predictions) could be generated, considering the presence of the vital liquid from 90 m of depth. In SEV1, SEV3, SEV4, SEV5 the resistivities were low, with resistivities ranging from 7 Ωm to 28 Ωm and potencies between 10 and 20 meters, which did not allow to determine clearly if there was groundwater. In this way, the points where the SEV2, SEV6 soundings were carried out due to the high resistivities from 114 Ωm that presented the best hydrogeological conditions were established as sites recommended for water collection.