Evaluación agronómica de 180 cultivares de maní Arachis hypogaea L. en la zona de Taura, provincia del Guayas
Fecha
2016
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Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias Universidad de Guayaquil
Resumen
El presente trabajo de investigación se llevó a cabo en la época seca del 2013, en la Estación Experimental Litoral Sur “Dr. Enrique Ampuero Pareja”, perteneciente al Instituto Nacional Autónomo de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIAP), ubicada en el km 26 de la carretera Durán-Tambo, parroquia Virgen de Fátima, cantón Yaguachi, provincia del Guayas, a 17 msnm., 02º 15’ 15”, latitud sur y 70º 49’0’’ de longitud occidental.
El propósito de la investigación fue determinar el comportamiento agronómico de 180 cultivares de maní (Arachis hypogaea L.); se empleó el diseño con una repetición y 180 tratamientos compuestos por 178 cultivares y dos variedades que se utilizaron como testigo: INIAP-380 e INIAP-381. Cada parcela estuvo conformada por tres hileras, con un área de seis con setenta y cinco ; las tres hileras representaban el área útil de la misma.
Las variables evaluadas fueron días a la floración, días a cosecha, altura de planta, ramas por planta, vainas por planta, semillas por vaina, semillas por planta, vaneamiento, relación cáscara/semilla, peso de 100 semillas (g) y rendimiento (kg/ha). Debido a la naturaleza del trabajo, las variables que se evaluaron fueron analizadas a través de medidas de tendencia central y dispersión; también se elaboraron tablas de distribución de frecuencias y gráficos como histogramas y polígonos de frecuencia.
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Se recomienda utilizar las líneas “16549”, “CM3-014”, “11528”, “US-520” en diferentes ensayos para la obtención de nuevas variedades, siendo que estas presentaron mejor adaptación a la zona, dando como resultado un buen comportamiento agronómico y una mayor productividad.
This research was conducted in the dry season of 2013 in the South Coast Experimental Station "Dr. Enrique Ampuero Romance ", belonging to the Autonomous National Institute of Agricultural Research (INIAP), located at km 26 of the Durán-Tambo Road, Our Lady of Fatima Parish, Canton Yaguachi, Guayas Province, 17 m., 02º 15 '15 "south latitude and 70 ° 49'0 '' west longitude. The purpose of the research was to determine the agronomic performance of 180 cultivars of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.); INIAP-380 and INIAP-381: design with a repeat treatments comprised 180 178 cultivars and two varieties were used as control was used. Each plot consisted of three rows, with an area of six to seventy-five m ^ 2; the three rows representing the useful area of the same. The variables evaluated were days to flowering, days to harvest, plant height, branches per plant, pods per plant, seeds per pod, seeds per plant, vaneamiento, shell ratio / seed, 100 seed weight (g) and performance ( kg / ha). Due to the nature of work, the variables that were evaluated were analyzed through measures of central tendency and dispersion; frequency distribution tables and graphs and histograms and frequency polygons are also developed. 87 We recommend using lines “16549”, “CM3-014”, “11528”, “US-520” in different trials for obtaining new varieties, being that these had better adaptation to the area, resulting in a good performance agronomic and increased productivity.
This research was conducted in the dry season of 2013 in the South Coast Experimental Station "Dr. Enrique Ampuero Romance ", belonging to the Autonomous National Institute of Agricultural Research (INIAP), located at km 26 of the Durán-Tambo Road, Our Lady of Fatima Parish, Canton Yaguachi, Guayas Province, 17 m., 02º 15 '15 "south latitude and 70 ° 49'0 '' west longitude. The purpose of the research was to determine the agronomic performance of 180 cultivars of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.); INIAP-380 and INIAP-381: design with a repeat treatments comprised 180 178 cultivars and two varieties were used as control was used. Each plot consisted of three rows, with an area of six to seventy-five m ^ 2; the three rows representing the useful area of the same. The variables evaluated were days to flowering, days to harvest, plant height, branches per plant, pods per plant, seeds per pod, seeds per plant, vaneamiento, shell ratio / seed, 100 seed weight (g) and performance ( kg / ha). Due to the nature of work, the variables that were evaluated were analyzed through measures of central tendency and dispersion; frequency distribution tables and graphs and histograms and frequency polygons are also developed. 87 We recommend using lines “16549”, “CM3-014”, “11528”, “US-520” in different trials for obtaining new varieties, being that these had better adaptation to the area, resulting in a good performance agronomic and increased productivity.
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CULTIVO DE MANI, SIEMBRA, COMPORTAMIENTO AGRONOMICO