Factores psicologicos que afectan el rendimiento deportivo en los atletas
Fecha
2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
El rendimiento deportivo está sujeto a muchos factores ya sean estos de índole físico, técnico- táctico, orgánico y psicológico, el factor psicológico está dado por el
estrés, ansiedad, la presión del público, el deseo de obtener un triunfo, el deseo de batir
récord, todo esto influye en el rendimiento del atleta, por este motivo es necesario
involucrar en la preparación técnico táctica el reforzamiento de la autoconfianza, la
motivación para la obtención de un fin positivo. El objetivo de esta investigación
determino qué la ansiedad y el estrés no afectó en gran medida el rendimiento deportivo
de nuestros atletas estudiados. La metodología que se usó se basó en encuestas por
medio del cuestionario CSAI-2 de Martens personalizadas y vía online, el cuestionario
consta de 27 preguntas en las cuales se midió la ansiedad cognitiva, sicosomática y la
autoconfianza, para complementar la investigación se agregan ciertas variables como
edad, género, estado civil, horas de entrenamiento, años de experiencia, y récord de
competencia. Los resultados obtenidos de esta investigación nos dio a conocer que la
ansiedad cognitiva fue del 40.1%, ansiedad sicosomática fue de 33.6% y de
autoconfianza equivalente a un 60.9%. En cuanto al género se puede determinar que las
mujeres presentaron un porcentaje mayor de ansiedad sicosomática y ansiedad
cognitiva que los varones. La autoconfianza prevalece en el género masculino con un
63.5%. Dentro de las conclusiones determinamos que la motivación y la autoconfianza
son los principales factores psicológicos que ayudan en el rendimiento deportivo, que
los pensamientos positivos durante el entrenamiento y la competencia genera logros.
Sports performance is subject to many factors whether physical, technical tactical, organic or psychological, the psychological factor is given by stress, anxiety, public pressure, the desire to achieve a triumph, the desire to beat Record, all this influences the performance of the athlete, for this reason it is necessary to involve in the tactical technical preparation the reinforcement of self-confidence, the motivation to obtain a positive end. The objective of this research determined that anxiety and stress did not affect to a large extent the athletic performance of our studied athletes. The methodology used was based on surveys through the Martens CSAI-2 questionnaire and via online, the questionnaire consists of 27 questions in which cognitive anxiety, psychosomatic and self-confidence were measured, to complement the research are added certain Variables such as age, gender, marital status, hours of training, years of experience, and record of competence. The results obtained from this research revealed that cognitive anxiety was 40.1%, psychosomatic anxiety was 33.6% and self confidence equivalent to 60.9%. As for gender it can be determined that women presented a higher percentage of psychosomatic anxiety and cognitive anxiety than men. Self-confidence prevails in the masculine gender with 63.5%. Within the conclusions we determined that motivation and self-confidence are the main psychological factors that aid in athletic performance, that positive thoughts during training and competition generate achievements.
Sports performance is subject to many factors whether physical, technical tactical, organic or psychological, the psychological factor is given by stress, anxiety, public pressure, the desire to achieve a triumph, the desire to beat Record, all this influences the performance of the athlete, for this reason it is necessary to involve in the tactical technical preparation the reinforcement of self-confidence, the motivation to obtain a positive end. The objective of this research determined that anxiety and stress did not affect to a large extent the athletic performance of our studied athletes. The methodology used was based on surveys through the Martens CSAI-2 questionnaire and via online, the questionnaire consists of 27 questions in which cognitive anxiety, psychosomatic and self-confidence were measured, to complement the research are added certain Variables such as age, gender, marital status, hours of training, years of experience, and record of competence. The results obtained from this research revealed that cognitive anxiety was 40.1%, psychosomatic anxiety was 33.6% and self confidence equivalent to 60.9%. As for gender it can be determined that women presented a higher percentage of psychosomatic anxiety and cognitive anxiety than men. Self-confidence prevails in the masculine gender with 63.5%. Within the conclusions we determined that motivation and self-confidence are the main psychological factors that aid in athletic performance, that positive thoughts during training and competition generate achievements.
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Factores psicológicos, Atleta, Rendimiento deportivo, Federación Deportiva del Guayas, Comité Olímpico Ecuatoriano, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador