Determinar la presencia de microplásticos en contenidos estomacales de peces pinchagua (opisthonema spp), Guayaquil, Ecuador
Fecha
2023
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Universidad de Guayaquil-Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia
Resumen
Este trabajo de investigación se enfoca en la identificación y clasificación de microplásticos en peces de la especie Ophisthonema Spp. Se muestreó un total de 100 peces con la finalidad de extraer muestras del tracto gastrointestinal para procesarlas en el laboratorio y verificar la presencia de los microplásticos utilizando dos tipos de técnicas para su extracción: una de ellas consiste en la degradación orgánica con Hidróxido de Potasio al 10% (KOH 10%) con el 78% de prevalencia y la otra con la técnica de flotación usando Cloruro de Sodio (NaCl) con el 77% de prevanlencia. Las pruebas estadísticas se tomaron como variables la talla y el peso, se efectuaron tablas cruzadas con pruebas de chi-cuadrado, regresión y ANOVA. Los microplásticos vistos se categorizaron en 3 tipos según su forma: fibras, fragmentos y films. Para la técnica de KOH 10% se obtuvo un 47% (93/198) de casos positivos de fibras, un 23% (45/198) correspondiente a fragmentos y el 30% (60/198) para films. Por otro lado, en la técnica de flotación (NaCl), se obtuvo un 53% (97/182) para fibras, el 20% (36/182) fragmentos y un 27% (49/182) en cuanto a films, dando como resultado un porcentaje mayor para fibras en relación con los otros tipos de microplásticos. Los resultados en las dos técnicas aplicadas en este estudio tienen similitud; aunque en la técnica con KOH 10% se observó mayor cantidad de microplásticos. Según los resultados obtenidos de las pruebas aplicadas en las tablas cruzadas se pudo conocer que no existe significancia estadística entre las variables: peso y talla frente al consumo de microplásticos.
This research is focused on the identification and classification of microplastics in fish of the Ophisthonema Spp. A total of 100 fish were sampled in order to extract samples from the gastrointestinal tract for laboratory processing and to verify the presence of microplastics using two extraction techniques: one involving organic degradation with 10% Potassium Hydroxide (KOH 10%) with a prevalence of 78%, and the other using the flotation technique with Sodium Chloride (NaCl) at a prevalence of 77%. Statistical tests were conducted using size and weight as variables, employing cross-tabulations with chi-square tests, regression, and ANOVA. The observed microplastics were categorized into three types based on their shape: fibers, fragments, and films. For the 10% KOH technique, 47% (93/198) of positive cases were fibers, 23% (45/198) were fragments, and 30% (60/198) were films. On the other hand, in the flotation technique (NaCl), 53% (97/182) were fibers, 20% (36/182) were fragments, and 27% (49/182) were films, resulting in a higher percentage of fibers compared to other types of microplastics. The results from the two techniques applied in this study are similar, although the KOH 10% technique showed a greater quantity of microplastics. According to the results obtained from the cross-tabulation tests, it was determined that there is no statistical significance between the variables: weight and size in relation to microplastics consumption.
This research is focused on the identification and classification of microplastics in fish of the Ophisthonema Spp. A total of 100 fish were sampled in order to extract samples from the gastrointestinal tract for laboratory processing and to verify the presence of microplastics using two extraction techniques: one involving organic degradation with 10% Potassium Hydroxide (KOH 10%) with a prevalence of 78%, and the other using the flotation technique with Sodium Chloride (NaCl) at a prevalence of 77%. Statistical tests were conducted using size and weight as variables, employing cross-tabulations with chi-square tests, regression, and ANOVA. The observed microplastics were categorized into three types based on their shape: fibers, fragments, and films. For the 10% KOH technique, 47% (93/198) of positive cases were fibers, 23% (45/198) were fragments, and 30% (60/198) were films. On the other hand, in the flotation technique (NaCl), 53% (97/182) were fibers, 20% (36/182) were fragments, and 27% (49/182) were films, resulting in a higher percentage of fibers compared to other types of microplastics. The results from the two techniques applied in this study are similar, although the KOH 10% technique showed a greater quantity of microplastics. According to the results obtained from the cross-tabulation tests, it was determined that there is no statistical significance between the variables: weight and size in relation to microplastics consumption.
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MICROPLÁSTICOS, OPISTHONEMA SPP., HIDRÓXIDO DE POTASIO, MÉTODO DE FLOTACIÓN
Citación
Ponce Jaramillo, C. (2023)Determinar la presencia de microplásticos en contenidos estomacales de peces pinchagua (opisthonema spp), Guayaquil, Ecuador [Trabajo de titulación previo a la obtención del título de Médico Veterinario Zootecnista]UG.