Anemia ferropénica en adolescentes embarazadas. Propuesta de guía nutricional didáctica para disminuir su incidencia
Fecha
2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
Dentro del umbral de las enfermedades más perjudiciales para el embarazo, la anemia ferropénica se presenta como uno de los principales padecimientos. Se entiende como anemia ferropenica al tipo de anemia que se caracteriza por la deficiencia de hierro, y debido a que el hierro (Fe) es uno de los elementos más esenciales para el desarrollo sustentable del ser humano, la deficiencia de este en el organismo se convierte en un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial a más de sus perjuicios directos, otro de los principales factores que convierten a este padecimiento en algo de suma importancia es el hecho que su índice se ve incrementado en los niños, adolescentes y mujeres en (etapa reproductiva). Esta deficiencia de hierro se puede dar debido a la perdida de hierro, mal absorción intestinal, o incremento en la necesidad del mismo. El presente estudio de caso busca comprender y analizar el alto índice de anemia ferropenica en los embarazos adolescentes atendidos en el año (2014-2015) en el hospital Teófilo Dávila de la ciudad de Machala. Buscando de esta manera como principal objetivo proponer una guía para combatir la anemia ferropenica, que se adapte a este contexto local y de esta manera sea posible la disminución del índice actual. Para lograr el objetivo principal se ha planteado una metodología cualitativa, anexada con datos básicos estadísticos que permitan entender la situación actual del problema, entre los resultados obtenidos tenemos como nos demuestra esta encuesta aproximadamente las tres cuartas las adolescentes embarazadas tienen bajos los niveles de hierro, mientras que en la cuarta parte restante se encuentran incluidas las adolescentes embarazadas con parámetros normales y altos de hierro, además tenemos que apenas el 16% ha asistido a seis consultas estando en la última etapa del embarazo y el 67% no consume los suplementos indicados para mejorar su estado nutricional, debido a los cual se recomienda la aplicación de una guía nutricional didáctica para educar a las adolescentes embarazadas y reducir la incidencia de anemia ferropenica.
Within the threshold of the most damaging diseases pregnancy, iron deficiency anemia is presented as one of the main conditions. It is understood as ferrpenica anemia type of anemia characterized by deficiency of iron, because iron (Fe) is one of the most essential for sustainable human development elements, deficiency of this in the body becomes a public health problem worldwide more than their direct, one of the main factors that make this condition something very important is the fact that its index is increased in children, adolescents and women ( reproductive) stage. This iron deficiency can occur due to loss of iron, intestinal bad absorption, or increased need thereof. This case study seeks to understand and analyze the high rate of iron deficiency anemia in adolescent pregnancies attended in the year (2014-2015) in the Teófilo Dávila hospital in the city of Machala. Looking in this way as main objective to propose a guide to combat iron deficiency anemia, which suits this local context and thus possible decrease of the current index. To achieve the main objective has been raised a qualitative methodology annexed statistical baseline data to understand the current situation of the problem, between the results obtained have as we demonstrated this survey about three quarters of pregnant adolescents have low iron levels , while the remaining quarter are including pregnant adolescents with normal parameters and high iron , to barely 16% have attended six consultations being in the last stage of pregnancy and 67 % did not consume supplements indicated for improving nutritional status due to which recommends the implementation of a teaching nutritional guidance to educate pregnant adolescents and reduce the incidence of iron deficiency anemia.
Within the threshold of the most damaging diseases pregnancy, iron deficiency anemia is presented as one of the main conditions. It is understood as ferrpenica anemia type of anemia characterized by deficiency of iron, because iron (Fe) is one of the most essential for sustainable human development elements, deficiency of this in the body becomes a public health problem worldwide more than their direct, one of the main factors that make this condition something very important is the fact that its index is increased in children, adolescents and women ( reproductive) stage. This iron deficiency can occur due to loss of iron, intestinal bad absorption, or increased need thereof. This case study seeks to understand and analyze the high rate of iron deficiency anemia in adolescent pregnancies attended in the year (2014-2015) in the Teófilo Dávila hospital in the city of Machala. Looking in this way as main objective to propose a guide to combat iron deficiency anemia, which suits this local context and thus possible decrease of the current index. To achieve the main objective has been raised a qualitative methodology annexed statistical baseline data to understand the current situation of the problem, between the results obtained have as we demonstrated this survey about three quarters of pregnant adolescents have low iron levels , while the remaining quarter are including pregnant adolescents with normal parameters and high iron , to barely 16% have attended six consultations being in the last stage of pregnancy and 67 % did not consume supplements indicated for improving nutritional status due to which recommends the implementation of a teaching nutritional guidance to educate pregnant adolescents and reduce the incidence of iron deficiency anemia.
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Embarazo en adolescencia, Anemia ferropenica, Guia nutricional, Incidencia, Hospital General Teofilo Dávila, Cantón Machala, Ecuador