Factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de hemorragia digestiva alta en el Hospital Sagrado Corazón de Jesús, Quevedo
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2022
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Medicina
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INTRODUCCION: La hemorragia digestiva alta (HDA) es definida como la pérdida de sangre que ocurre en el tubo digestivo entre el esfínter esofágico superior y el ángulo de Treitz, es una de las urgencias de mayor prevalencia en el mundo, y causa de hospitalización, con una tasa de mortalidad que varía entre el 6 y 10% y que dependen del origen del sangrado, los factores de riesgo, y las complicaciones. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio de tipo observacional, no experimental, descriptivo, de corte trasversal y retrospectivo, la población considerada en este estudio fue de 50 pacientes atendidos en el área de emergencia del Hospital Básico Sagrado Corazón de Jesús de la ciudad de Quevedo. RESULTADOS: Entre los datos demográficos la edad promedio fue de 50,3 (+ 12.8) predominó el grupo etario entre 46 a 60 años, predominio de sexo masculino (58%) Los factores de riesgo con mayor prevalencia fueron el uso de alcohol, ser de sexo masculino, antecedentes de utilizar AINES (58%), además en APP gastrointestinales, la úlcera péptica fue la más prevalente con un 32% , seguida de varices GI con un 16%. Mas del 80% de los pacientes tuvo HDA No variceal , y solo el 18% HDA Varicosa. La localización más frecuente fue el estómago y el signo Melena predominó. Las principales complicaciones fueron los resangrados 24% e IRA en un 16%. 6 pacientes fallecieron. CONCLUSIONES: Los factores de riesgo de mayor importancia identificados fueron ser de sexo masculino, edad avanzada, antecedente de uso de alcohol, cirrosis hepática , uso continuo de AINES, corticoides y anticoagulantes Palabras claves: Hemorragia digestiva alta, sangrado digestivo, melena , Hematemesis.
INTRODUCTION: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGH) is defined as blood loss that occurs in the digestive tract between the upper esophageal sphincter and the angle of Treitz, it is one of the most prevalent emergencies in the world, and a cause of hospitalization, with a mortality rate that varies between 6 and 10% and that depends on the origin of bleeding, risk factors, and complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Observational, non-experimental, descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective study. The population considered in this study was 50 patients treated in the emergency area of the Hospital Sagrado Corazón de Jesús in the city of Quevedo. RESULTS: Among the demographic data, the average age was 50.3 (+ 12.8), the age group between 46 and 60 years prevailed, predominance of males (58%). The risk factors with the highest prevalence were the use of alcohol, being male, history of using NSAIDs (58%), in addition to gastrointestinal APP, peptic ulcer was the most prevalent with 32%, followed by GI varices with 16%. More than 80% of the patients had non-variceal UGIB, and only 18% had varicose UGIB. The most frequent location was the stomach and the Melena sign predominated. The main complications were rebleeding in 24% and ARI in 16%. 6 patients died. CONCLUSIONS: The most important risk factors identified were being male, older age, history of alcohol use, liver cirrhosis, continuous use of NSAIDs, corticosteroids and anticoagulants. Key words: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding, gastrointestinal bleeding, melena, Hematemesis
INTRODUCTION: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGH) is defined as blood loss that occurs in the digestive tract between the upper esophageal sphincter and the angle of Treitz, it is one of the most prevalent emergencies in the world, and a cause of hospitalization, with a mortality rate that varies between 6 and 10% and that depends on the origin of bleeding, risk factors, and complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Observational, non-experimental, descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective study. The population considered in this study was 50 patients treated in the emergency area of the Hospital Sagrado Corazón de Jesús in the city of Quevedo. RESULTS: Among the demographic data, the average age was 50.3 (+ 12.8), the age group between 46 and 60 years prevailed, predominance of males (58%). The risk factors with the highest prevalence were the use of alcohol, being male, history of using NSAIDs (58%), in addition to gastrointestinal APP, peptic ulcer was the most prevalent with 32%, followed by GI varices with 16%. More than 80% of the patients had non-variceal UGIB, and only 18% had varicose UGIB. The most frequent location was the stomach and the Melena sign predominated. The main complications were rebleeding in 24% and ARI in 16%. 6 patients died. CONCLUSIONS: The most important risk factors identified were being male, older age, history of alcohol use, liver cirrhosis, continuous use of NSAIDs, corticosteroids and anticoagulants. Key words: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding, gastrointestinal bleeding, melena, Hematemesis
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HEMORRAGIA GASTROINTESTINAL, FACTORES DE RIESGO, EPIDEMIOLOGIA DESCRIPTIVA, ESTUDIOS RETROSPECTIVOS, HOSPITAL BASICO SAGRADO CORAZON DE JESUS, CANTON QUEVEDO, ECUADOR