Aborto en la adolescencia diseño de un protocolo de prevención
Fecha
2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
El aborto es la interrupción del embarazo o interrupción del desarrollo del feto
durante el embarazo, cuando este no haya completado las veinte semanas de
gestación, en la adolescencia este problema implica una serie de desafíos
fisiológicos con riesgos elevados de morbi-mortalidad materna. La presente
investigación es de tipo descriptiva, basada en el método de estudio de caso y la
unidad de análisis la constituyen las adolescentes que acuden a consulta del área
de Gineco-obstetricia del Hospital Delfina Torres de Concha, a las cuales se les
aplicó una encuesta para determinar los factores biológicos, sociales y económicos
involucrados en el aborto. Este trabajo de investigación tiene por objetivo el
desarrollo de un manual de autocuidado para la prevención de abortos en
adolescentes. La recolección de datos se hizo en base a la utilización de encuestas,
observación directa y la revisión de historias clínicas de las adolescentes que
acuden al hospital. Los resultados encontrados señalan como principales causas de
aborto en adolescentes a: la falta de control en el embarazo, con un 50% de
respuestas y el desconocimiento de métodos anticonceptivos para evitar los
embarazos no deseados en adolescentes con un 60%. Se concluye que la tasa de
abortos en adolescentes está relacionado con el deficiente control prenatal y el
desconocimiento de métodos anticonceptivos, en base a este hallazgo se propone
la elaboración de un manual de autocuidado dirigido a las adolescentes que acuden
a la consulta Gíneco obstetricia; dando a conocer los métodos de planificación
familiar, los cuidados primordiales en el embarazo, la adecuada alimentación de la
embrazada, para de esta forma disminuir los casos de abortos en adolescentes.
Abortion is abortion or interruption of fetal development during pregnancy, when it has not completed twenty weeks of gestation in adolescence this problem involves a number of physiological challenges with high risks of maternal morbidity and mortality. This research is descriptive, based on the method of case study, and the unit of analysis are the teenagers who come to see the area of Gynecology and Obstetrics Hospital Delfina Torres Concha, to which they were applied a survey to determine the biological, social and economic factors involved in abortion. This research aims to develop a self-care manual for the prevention of teenage abortions. Data collection was based on the use of surveys, direct observation and review of medical records of adolescents who come to the hospital. The results indicate the main causes of abortion in adolescents: the lack of control in pregnancy, with 50% of responses and ignorance of contraception to avoid unwanted adolescent pregnancies with 60%. It is concluded that the rate of abortions among adolescents is associated with poor prenatal care and lack of contraceptive methods, based on this finding the elaboration of a manual self aimed at adolescents attending the consultation gynecology obstetrics is proposed; making known methods of family planning, primary care in pregnancy, proper food-up of pregnant, to thereby reduce cases of abortions in adolescents.
Abortion is abortion or interruption of fetal development during pregnancy, when it has not completed twenty weeks of gestation in adolescence this problem involves a number of physiological challenges with high risks of maternal morbidity and mortality. This research is descriptive, based on the method of case study, and the unit of analysis are the teenagers who come to see the area of Gynecology and Obstetrics Hospital Delfina Torres Concha, to which they were applied a survey to determine the biological, social and economic factors involved in abortion. This research aims to develop a self-care manual for the prevention of teenage abortions. Data collection was based on the use of surveys, direct observation and review of medical records of adolescents who come to the hospital. The results indicate the main causes of abortion in adolescents: the lack of control in pregnancy, with 50% of responses and ignorance of contraception to avoid unwanted adolescent pregnancies with 60%. It is concluded that the rate of abortions among adolescents is associated with poor prenatal care and lack of contraceptive methods, based on this finding the elaboration of a manual self aimed at adolescents attending the consultation gynecology obstetrics is proposed; making known methods of family planning, primary care in pregnancy, proper food-up of pregnant, to thereby reduce cases of abortions in adolescents.
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Palabras clave
Embarazo en adolescencia, Aborto, Registros médicos, Protocolos, Medicina preventiva, Epidemiología descriptiva, Hospital General Delfina Torres de Concha, Cantón Esmeraldas, Ecuador