Efecto de trichoderma sp sobre la incidencia de enfermedades en el cultivo de melón Cucumis melo L.
Fecha
2018-04
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Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias Universidad de Guayaquil
Resumen
El presente trabajo de investigación se realizó en la finca El Laurel
ubicada en el Km 54 – a un lado de la calle perimetral frente a gasolinera
El Limonal - vía al Cantón Santa Lucia - Provincia Guayas, con
Coordenadas geográficas 1º 33´34.23” W 79º 34´25.32” longitud
occidental, para este proceso se estableció el cultivo de melón en un
área de 3.570 m2. Este estudio titulado Efecto del control biológico con
Trichoderma sobre la incidencia de enfermedades en el cultivo de
melón (Cucumis melo L). Se utilizaron seis tratamientos con cuatro
repeticiones, con dosis de 5.0 g/L aplicaciones al semillero y 5.0 L/ha
aplicaciones en campo de Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma
koningiopsis, Trichoderma viride Trichoderma spp. Se determinó las
causas que influyen en el bajo rendimiento de esta fruta, evaluando cada
semana la incidencia de enfermedades para luego evaluar el efecto de
las aplicaciones de Trichoderma en las respectivas variables longitud de
guía, número de frutos por planta, peso del fruto el cual fue transformado
en Kilogramos por hectárea. Las técnicas utilizadas para la tabulación
de datos fueron las evaluaciones en campo, para la estadística y
procesamiento de datos se utilizó el programa SAS (Sistema de Análisis
Estadístico). En el análisis de la relación costo/beneficio se obtuvo
considerando el precio de la caja de melón en la zona de Laurel y en la
época en que se desarrolló la investigación este valor fue de $ 9,10; los
rendimientos fueron variables en función de los tratamientos con
Trichoderma y las frecuencias de dosis aplicadas. Los tratamientos cuyo
rendimiento fue más alto y con mayor beneficio neto fueron los
tratamientos dos con Trichoderma koningiopsis con un valor de $
3.759,70 y el tratamiento tres con Trichoderma viride con un valor de $
3.604,70 lo cual dio como resultado que este cultivo es totalmente
rentable.
This present research work was carried out in “El Laurel” farm located at Km 54 from the Perimetral highway across from Limonal gas station – on the road to Santa Lucia canton – Guayas province, with geographic coordinates 1º 33'34.23 "W 79º 34 '25.32 ' western length, for this process the melon crop was established in an area of 3,570 m2. Six treatments with four replications were applied, with doses of 5.0 g / L applications to the nursery and 5.0 L / ha applications in the field of Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma koningiopsis, Trichoderma viride Trichoderma spp. We determined the causes that influence the low yield of this fruit, with weekly appraisals to determine the incidence of diseases, and hence evaluate the effect of Trichoderma applications on the respective variables: number of fruits per plant, weight of the fruit which was converted into kilograms per hectare. The techniques applied for the tabulation of data were field evaluations, while SAS (Statistical Analysis System) was applied for the statistics and data processing. The analysis of the cost / benefit ratio was conducted considering the price of the cantaloupe box in the area “El Laurel” and at the time the research was carried out, this value was $ 9.10; the yields were variable depending on the treatments with Trichoderma and the frequencies of doses applied. The treatments with highest yield and net benefit were treatments two with Trichoderma koningiopsis with a value of $ 3,759.70, and treatment three with Trichoderma viride with a value of $ 3,604.70, whose results in this crop showed to be totally profitable.
This present research work was carried out in “El Laurel” farm located at Km 54 from the Perimetral highway across from Limonal gas station – on the road to Santa Lucia canton – Guayas province, with geographic coordinates 1º 33'34.23 "W 79º 34 '25.32 ' western length, for this process the melon crop was established in an area of 3,570 m2. Six treatments with four replications were applied, with doses of 5.0 g / L applications to the nursery and 5.0 L / ha applications in the field of Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma koningiopsis, Trichoderma viride Trichoderma spp. We determined the causes that influence the low yield of this fruit, with weekly appraisals to determine the incidence of diseases, and hence evaluate the effect of Trichoderma applications on the respective variables: number of fruits per plant, weight of the fruit which was converted into kilograms per hectare. The techniques applied for the tabulation of data were field evaluations, while SAS (Statistical Analysis System) was applied for the statistics and data processing. The analysis of the cost / benefit ratio was conducted considering the price of the cantaloupe box in the area “El Laurel” and at the time the research was carried out, this value was $ 9.10; the yields were variable depending on the treatments with Trichoderma and the frequencies of doses applied. The treatments with highest yield and net benefit were treatments two with Trichoderma koningiopsis with a value of $ 3,759.70, and treatment three with Trichoderma viride with a value of $ 3,604.70, whose results in this crop showed to be totally profitable.
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Palabras clave
TRICHODERMA, PRODUCCION, RENTABILIDAD