Análisis de la cadena de valor del cacao Theobroma cacao L. en el cantón Milagro, provincia del Guayas
Fecha
2021-03
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Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias Universidad de Guayaquil
Resumen
El presente estudio fue aplicado en la Asociación “Maravilla 2”, ubicada en el
cantón Milagro de la provincia del Guayas; esta población se dedica
mayoritariamente al cultivo de cacao por constituir un rubro que aún
mantiene alta demanda en el mercado nacional e internacional. El objetivo
principal fue identificar nudos críticos en la cadena de producción y
comercialización de cacao, considerando las formas y costos de producción,
para contribuir al mejoramiento del proceso productivo y comercial de este
importante rubro agrícola de exportación a mercados internacionales. La
metodología empleada consistió en utilizar un muestreo probabilístico de 26
productores asociados y obtenidos mediante el cálculo de un muestreo
aleatorio simple, con el apoyo de encuestas que constituyen un instrumento
básico de investigación para la toma de datos que permita procesar de
manera ordenada la información, apoyados en los factores de la producción.
Los resultados alcanzados indican que los agricultores cultivan un promedio
entre 2-3 hectáreas de cacao, aplican fertilizantes químicos al suelo, realizan
controles fitosanitarios preventivos, alcanzando un rendimiento promedio de
32.5 qq/ha, donde un 50% de la población comercializan a USD 80/qq de
grano a un costo de producción de $ 1.588,90 por hectárea al año. El
análisis económico muestra que producir un quintal de cacao alcanza un
valor de $48.89, cuya utilidad neta por hectárea anual es de $1.661,10 con
una rentabilidad 104.54%. Se requiere incrementar la productividad por
unidad de superficie en base a mejora genética y adecuados procesos
posfecha que permita mejorar los rendimientos productivos.
The current research was carried out in the “Maravilla 2” village, located in Milagro located in the Guayas province. This population is mainly dedicated to the cultivation of cocoa as this place still maintains high demand in the national and international market. The main objective was to identify critical nodes in the cocoa production and marketing chain, considering the forms and costs of production, to contribute to the improvement of the production and commercial process of this important agricultural item to be exported to international markets. The methodology used in this research consisted of using a probability sampling of 26 associated producers and obtained by calculating a simple random sampling, with the support of surveys as a basic instrument of research for data collection that allows the information to be processed in an organized way, supported by the factors of production. The results achieved indicate that farmers cultivate an average of 2-3 hectares of cocoa, apply chemical fertilizers to the soil, carry out preventive phytosanitary controls, reaching an average yield of 32.5 qq / ha, where 50% of the population trade at USD 80 / qq of grain at a production cost of $ 1,588.90 per hectare per year. The economic analysis shows that producing a quintal of cocoa reaches a value of $ 48.89, whose net profit per annual hectare is $ 1,661.10 with a 104.54% profitability. It is necessary to increase productivity per unit area based on genetic enhancement and adequate post-harvest processes that allow the improvement of productive yields.
The current research was carried out in the “Maravilla 2” village, located in Milagro located in the Guayas province. This population is mainly dedicated to the cultivation of cocoa as this place still maintains high demand in the national and international market. The main objective was to identify critical nodes in the cocoa production and marketing chain, considering the forms and costs of production, to contribute to the improvement of the production and commercial process of this important agricultural item to be exported to international markets. The methodology used in this research consisted of using a probability sampling of 26 associated producers and obtained by calculating a simple random sampling, with the support of surveys as a basic instrument of research for data collection that allows the information to be processed in an organized way, supported by the factors of production. The results achieved indicate that farmers cultivate an average of 2-3 hectares of cocoa, apply chemical fertilizers to the soil, carry out preventive phytosanitary controls, reaching an average yield of 32.5 qq / ha, where 50% of the population trade at USD 80 / qq of grain at a production cost of $ 1,588.90 per hectare per year. The economic analysis shows that producing a quintal of cocoa reaches a value of $ 48.89, whose net profit per annual hectare is $ 1,661.10 with a 104.54% profitability. It is necessary to increase productivity per unit area based on genetic enhancement and adequate post-harvest processes that allow the improvement of productive yields.
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ASOCIACIÓN, CACAO, MERCADO, ENCUESTAS, PRODUCCIÓN