Diagnóstico temprano de la demencia tipo alzheimer, algoritmo de detección precoz
Fecha
2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
La Demencia tipo Alzheimer es la causa más común de deterioro cognitivo en la tercera edad. El diagnóstico es inminentemente clínico, pero la certeza diagnóstica solamente se verifica mediante estudio histopatológico, que en la práctica no es viable. Los avances tecnológicos y la mejor comprensión de la enfermedad han permitido desarrollar numerosas pruebas diagnósticas, como las técnicas de imagen, marcadores biológicos y las pruebas neuropsicológicas. Con el advenimiento de las drogas modificadoras de la enfermedad es necesario investigarla, diagnosticarla y tratarla desde sus fases iniciales. Se propone determinar la eficacia de la prueba del dibujo del Reloj en la detección temprana de la demencia tipo Alzheimer. Los beneficiarios de este trabajo son las personas adultas mayores, su entorno familiar y la comunidad Médica. Se realizó un estudio de caso con enfoque cualitativo para determinar la eficacia de la prueba de dibujo del reloj en la detección de la demencia tipo Alzheimer. En éste se comprobó que la prueba es eficaz y que la prueba del dibujo a la orden es todavía más sensible. Las pruebas neuropsicológicas son una especie de estetoscopio cerebral que permiten al médico obtener información valiosa no invasiva. La Prueba del Dibujo del Reloj es una prueba neuropsicológica no invasiva, factible, sencilla de aplicar, no consume mucho tiempo en su aplicación y puede ser fácilmente interpretada. Nuestra estrategia es difundir la utilidad de la Prueba del Dibujo del Reloj como herramienta de pesquisaje, promoviendo la detección de la Demencia tipo Alzheimer desde el nivel primario de atención
Alzheimer's dementia is the most common cause of cognitive decline in the elderly. The diagnosis of disease is clinical, but only diagnostic accuracy is verified by histopathology, which in practice is not feasible. Technological advances and better understanding of the disease have allowed for many diagnostic tests such as imaging techniques, biomarkers and neuropsychological tests. With the advent of disease-modifying drugs it is necessary to investigate, diagnose and treat from its initial phases. It is proposed to determine the effectiveness of the Clock drawing test in early detection of Alzheimer's dementia. The beneficiaries of this work are older people, their families and the medical community. A case study with qualitative approach was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the clock drawing test in detecting Alzheimer's dementia. This was verified that the test is effective and that the test of drawing the order is more sensitive. Neuropsychological tests are a kind of cerebral stethoscope allows the physician to noninvasively obtain valuable information. The Clock Drawing Test is a practical, easy to implement test, not time consuming in its application and can be easily interpreted. The propous of work is to spread the usefulness of the Clock Drawing Test as a screening tool, promoting the detection of Alzheimer's dementia from the primary level of health.
Alzheimer's dementia is the most common cause of cognitive decline in the elderly. The diagnosis of disease is clinical, but only diagnostic accuracy is verified by histopathology, which in practice is not feasible. Technological advances and better understanding of the disease have allowed for many diagnostic tests such as imaging techniques, biomarkers and neuropsychological tests. With the advent of disease-modifying drugs it is necessary to investigate, diagnose and treat from its initial phases. It is proposed to determine the effectiveness of the Clock drawing test in early detection of Alzheimer's dementia. The beneficiaries of this work are older people, their families and the medical community. A case study with qualitative approach was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the clock drawing test in detecting Alzheimer's dementia. This was verified that the test is effective and that the test of drawing the order is more sensitive. Neuropsychological tests are a kind of cerebral stethoscope allows the physician to noninvasively obtain valuable information. The Clock Drawing Test is a practical, easy to implement test, not time consuming in its application and can be easily interpreted. The propous of work is to spread the usefulness of the Clock Drawing Test as a screening tool, promoting the detection of Alzheimer's dementia from the primary level of health.
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Pruebas neuropsicológicas, Enfermedad de Alzheimer, Anciano, Hospiital General Isidro Ayora, Cantón Loja, Ecuador, Algoritmos