Prospección geofísica para la determinación de agua subterránea en el campus universitario Mapasingue, cantón Guayaquil, provincia de Guayas, Ecuador
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2015
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Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Universidad de Guayaquil
Resumen
La presente investigación corresponde a una campaña de prospección geofísica que fue desarrollada dentro de los predios del Campus Universitario Mapasingue, cantón Guayaquil, provincia de Guayas, utilizando los métodos: sondeo eléctrico vertical (SEV) con configuración de tipo Wenner y sondeo electro-cinético (EKS) para la búsqueda de agua subterránea.
En el área de estudio se determinó la presencia de tres tipos de rocas: aglomerados, lutitas y areniscas las cuales son rocas volcano-sedimentarias propias de la Formación Cayo, es importante mencionar que no se reflejaron rasgos estructurales que fueran considerados relevantes como fallas o pliegues. Se evidenció gran cantidad de rocas con fracturas lo que da paso a la infiltración de agua por porosidad secundaria.
Por otra parte, se realizó un análisis climatológico local a través de la producción de un balance hidrológico para el periodo comprendido entre los años 1992 y 2014. Los resultados demostraron que existe déficit en los meses de junio, julio, agosto, septiembre, octubre, noviembre y diciembre, y excedente en los meses de febrero, marzo y abril; lo que quiere decir que la evapotranspiración (1594.4 mm/año) está por encima de la precipitación (1265.5 mm/año). En último lugar, se ejecutaron un total de 6 SEV y 11 EKS en sitios previamente seleccionados a partir de los cuales se pudieron generar los gráficos de interpretación, perfiles, mapas y pronósticos (predicciones) encontrándose el líquido vital a partir de los 16 m de profundidad con diferentes caudales (l/s) y propiedades para cada punto.
De esta manera, se estableció como sitios recomendables para captación de agua los puntos donde se efectuaron los sondeos EKS9-SEV4, EKS10-SEV5 y EKS1-SEV6 debido a que presentaron las mejores condiciones hidrogeológicas y buenos caudales hasta los 100 m de profundidad con posible existencia de agua mineralizada.
This research corresponds to a campaign of geophysical survey that was developed within the previous Mapasingue University Campus - Province of Guayas, using the methods: vertical electrical sounding (VES) with settings Wenner type and electro-kinetic sounding (EKS) for searching of groundwater. In the study area the presence of three types of rocks was determined: agglomerate, shales and sandstones which are volcano-sedimentary rocks belonging to the Cayo Formation, is important to note that no structural features were considered relevant as faults or folds. Lots of rocks with fractures were evidenced, which leads to water infiltration for secondary porosity. Moreover, a local climatological analysis was made through the production of a water balance for the period between 1992 and 2014. The results showed that there is a deficit in the months of June, July, August, September, October, November and December, and excess took place in the months of February, March and April; which means that evapotranspiration (1594.4 mm/year) is above the precipitation (1265.5 mm/year). Finally, a total of 6 SEV and 11 EKS were run on previously selected sites from which could generate interpretation graphics, profiles, maps and forecasts (predictions) finding the vital liquid from the 16 m depth with different water flow (l/s) and properties for each point. It was established as recommended sites for water catchment the points where the surveys EKS9-SEV4, EKS10-SEV5 and EKS1-SEV6 were performed because they presented the best hydrogeological conditions and great water flow up to the 100 m with possible existence of mineralized water.
This research corresponds to a campaign of geophysical survey that was developed within the previous Mapasingue University Campus - Province of Guayas, using the methods: vertical electrical sounding (VES) with settings Wenner type and electro-kinetic sounding (EKS) for searching of groundwater. In the study area the presence of three types of rocks was determined: agglomerate, shales and sandstones which are volcano-sedimentary rocks belonging to the Cayo Formation, is important to note that no structural features were considered relevant as faults or folds. Lots of rocks with fractures were evidenced, which leads to water infiltration for secondary porosity. Moreover, a local climatological analysis was made through the production of a water balance for the period between 1992 and 2014. The results showed that there is a deficit in the months of June, July, August, September, October, November and December, and excess took place in the months of February, March and April; which means that evapotranspiration (1594.4 mm/year) is above the precipitation (1265.5 mm/year). Finally, a total of 6 SEV and 11 EKS were run on previously selected sites from which could generate interpretation graphics, profiles, maps and forecasts (predictions) finding the vital liquid from the 16 m depth with different water flow (l/s) and properties for each point. It was established as recommended sites for water catchment the points where the surveys EKS9-SEV4, EKS10-SEV5 and EKS1-SEV6 were performed because they presented the best hydrogeological conditions and great water flow up to the 100 m with possible existence of mineralized water.