Evaluación de tres formas de tutoreo de pimiento Capsicum annum L. cultivado con dos niveles de fertilización
Fecha
2017
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Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias Universidad de Guayaquil
Resumen
Esta investigación se efectuó en la época seca de septiembre a
diciembre 2015, en la finca “Finca Isabel”, ubicada en el km 93 via
Guayaquil – El Cerrito, cantón Balzar provincia del Guayas, tuvo como
objetivo Generar alternativas de manejo del cultivo de pimiento para mejorar
la productividad, calidad y rentabilidad del mismo, y como específicos: a)
Evaluar el comportamiento agronómico del híbrido de pimiento Salvador
cultivado con tres sistemas de tutoreo y bajo dos modalidades de
fertilización; y b) Analizar económicamente cuál de los sistemas de tutoreos
nos da mejor resultados tanto calidad como productividad.
Se evaluaron ocho tratamientos, (cuatro sistemas de tutoreo y dos
alternativas de fertilización) N-180 y el abono completo 8-20-20 + micro
elementos. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó un diseño de bloques
completamente al azar con arreglo factorial (4 x 2), con tres repeticiones. La
comparación de medias se realizó mediante la prueba de Tukey al 5 % de
probabilidad. Se evaluaron características agronómicas y de rendimiento, y
en la evaluación económica se la efectuó con la metodología de
presupuestos parciales CIMMYT.
Se concluyó: a) Las variables altura de planta, diámetro del tallo y
longitud del fruto con los sistemas de tutoreo de espaldero y amarrado
holandés presentaron los mayores promedios; b) En peso de frutos y
rendimiento de los mismos (kg/ha), el sistema de amarrado holandés
presentó el mayor promedio; c).Con la aplicación de la formula completa (N
180-P2O5 60 y K2O 120 + microelementos), se logró los mayores promedios
en todas las variables medidas superando a la fertilización con 180 kgN/ha;
d). En las interacciones se observó una mayor altura de planta, diámetro del
tallo, número de frutos/planta y rendimiento (kg/ha) con el amarrado
holandés + fertilización completa (N180 - P2O5 60 y K2O 120 +microelementos); y el análisis de presupuesto parcial determino la mayor
Tasa Marginal de Retorno (TMR) para el tratamiento T3-F2 (tutoreo amarre
holandés + fertilización completa), con 3071 %.
This research was conducted in the dry season from September to December 2015, in the farm "Villa Isabel", located in the kilometre 93 via Guayaquil - El Cerrito, Canton Balzar Guayas province, whose general aim is to generate pepper crop management alternatives to improve its productivity, quality and profitability, and as specific ones we have: a) To evaluate the agronomic performance of the Salvador pepper hybrid cultivated with three tutoring systems and under two fertilization modalities; and b) To analyze which tutoring systems gives economically better results in both quality and productivity. Eight treatments were evaluated (four tutoring systems and two fertilization alternatives) N-180 and the whole fertilizer 8-20-20 + microelements. For statistical analysis we used a completely randomized block design with factorial arrangement (4 x 2) with three replications. The comparison of means was performed through the Tukey test at 5% of probability. Some agronomic and performance characteristics were evaluated, and the economic evaluation was carried out with the partial budget methodology CIMMYT. It was concluded that: a) The variables plant height, stem diameter and length of the fruit with trellis tutoring and Dutch mooring systems had the highest averages; b) In terms of fruit weight and performance (kg / ha), the Dutch mooring system had the highest average; c) .With the implementation of the whole formula (N 180-P2O5 and K2O 60 120 + microelements), it was attained the highest averages of all the variables measured surpassing the fertilization with 180 kg N / ha; d). During the interactions, it was observed a greater plant height, stem diameter, number of fruits / plant and yield (kg / ha) with the Dutch mooring + complete fertilization (N180 - 120 P2O5 and K2O 60 + microelements); and partial budget analysis determined the highest Marginal Rate of Return (TMR) for the treatment T3-F2 (without tutoring + complete fertilization), with a 3071%.
This research was conducted in the dry season from September to December 2015, in the farm "Villa Isabel", located in the kilometre 93 via Guayaquil - El Cerrito, Canton Balzar Guayas province, whose general aim is to generate pepper crop management alternatives to improve its productivity, quality and profitability, and as specific ones we have: a) To evaluate the agronomic performance of the Salvador pepper hybrid cultivated with three tutoring systems and under two fertilization modalities; and b) To analyze which tutoring systems gives economically better results in both quality and productivity. Eight treatments were evaluated (four tutoring systems and two fertilization alternatives) N-180 and the whole fertilizer 8-20-20 + microelements. For statistical analysis we used a completely randomized block design with factorial arrangement (4 x 2) with three replications. The comparison of means was performed through the Tukey test at 5% of probability. Some agronomic and performance characteristics were evaluated, and the economic evaluation was carried out with the partial budget methodology CIMMYT. It was concluded that: a) The variables plant height, stem diameter and length of the fruit with trellis tutoring and Dutch mooring systems had the highest averages; b) In terms of fruit weight and performance (kg / ha), the Dutch mooring system had the highest average; c) .With the implementation of the whole formula (N 180-P2O5 and K2O 60 120 + microelements), it was attained the highest averages of all the variables measured surpassing the fertilization with 180 kg N / ha; d). During the interactions, it was observed a greater plant height, stem diameter, number of fruits / plant and yield (kg / ha) with the Dutch mooring + complete fertilization (N180 - 120 P2O5 and K2O 60 + microelements); and partial budget analysis determined the highest Marginal Rate of Return (TMR) for the treatment T3-F2 (without tutoring + complete fertilization), with a 3071%.
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Palabras clave
HIBRIDOS DE PIMIENTO, DISTANCIAMIENTO DE SIEMBRA, CALIDAD DE FRUTO, TUTOREO