Traumatismos craneoencefálicos en imágenes de RM y TAC. Estudio realizado en : Centro de Estudio en el Hospital Luis Vernaza
Fecha
2013
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Tecnología Médica
Resumen
El trauma craneoencefálico es responsable de serias complicaciones médicas que exacerban la lesión cerebral, y frecuentemente son la causa de muerte. Además es la primera causa de muerte traumática en los países desarrollados. Entre las secuelas posteriores al trauma cuentan retraso mental, epilepsia e incapacidad física. Sólo el 4% de los TCE requieren ingreso hospitalario, pero la cuarta parte de estos se consideran graves (capaces de producir regresión y pérdida de la capacidad intelectual) y su manejo debe de hacerse en la UCI. La etiología varía en las diferentes edades y difiere mucho de la de los adultos, aunque hay un claro predominio de los accidentes de transito. Entre los escolares son más frecuentes los atropellos y en los adolescentes los accidentes como ocupantes de vehículos o motos. El restante se producen por caídas de altura, bicicletas no debe olvidarse la posibilidad de malos tratos en lactantes y la cada vez más frecuente violencia urbana en los adolescentes. El tratamiento del paciente con TCE grave irá encaminado a evitar aquellos factores que se desencadenan tras la lesión inicial y que son los responsables de la extensión del daño y la aparición de lesiones secundarias que empeoran el pronóstico. La disminución de la mortalidad en los últimos años se debe fundamentalmente a la mejor atención en el lugar del accidente, la mejora en la recogida y traslado del paciente, la creación de las UCI, el avance de las técnicas de diagnóstico que son la base fundamental en el diagnostico y tratamiento de paciente con TCE. Los traumas de cráneo severos son la base para el desarrollo de varias y graves complicaciones que plantean muchos problemas en la práctica médica. Los sobrevivientes de traumatismo cerebral a menudo quedan con significativas discapacidades
Cranioencephalic trauma is responsible for serious medical complications that exacerbate brain injury, and are often the cause of death. It is also the leading cause of traumatic death in developed countries. Among the sequels after the trauma are mental retardation, epilepsy and physical disability. Only 4% of TBI require hospital admission, but a quarter of these are considered serious (capable of producing regression and loss of intellectual capacity) and their management must be done in the ICU. The etiology varies in different ages and differs greatly from that of adults, although there is a clear predominance of traffic accidents. Among the schoolchildren the abuses are more frequent and in the adolescents the accidents as occupants of vehicles or motorcycles. The rest are caused by falls from height, bicycles should not forget the possibility of abuse in infants and the increasingly frequent urban violence in adolescents. The treatment of the patient with severe TBI will be aimed at avoiding those factors that are triggered after the initial injury and that are responsible for the extension of the damage and the appearance of secondary lesions that worsen the prognosis. The decrease in mortality in recent years is mainly due to the better care at the accident site, the improvement in the collection and transfer of the patient, the creation of the ICU, the advancement of diagnostic techniques that are the fundamental basis in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with TBI. The severe skull traumas are the basis for the development of several serious complications that pose many problems in medical practice. Survivors of brain trauma are often left with significant disabilities
Cranioencephalic trauma is responsible for serious medical complications that exacerbate brain injury, and are often the cause of death. It is also the leading cause of traumatic death in developed countries. Among the sequels after the trauma are mental retardation, epilepsy and physical disability. Only 4% of TBI require hospital admission, but a quarter of these are considered serious (capable of producing regression and loss of intellectual capacity) and their management must be done in the ICU. The etiology varies in different ages and differs greatly from that of adults, although there is a clear predominance of traffic accidents. Among the schoolchildren the abuses are more frequent and in the adolescents the accidents as occupants of vehicles or motorcycles. The rest are caused by falls from height, bicycles should not forget the possibility of abuse in infants and the increasingly frequent urban violence in adolescents. The treatment of the patient with severe TBI will be aimed at avoiding those factors that are triggered after the initial injury and that are responsible for the extension of the damage and the appearance of secondary lesions that worsen the prognosis. The decrease in mortality in recent years is mainly due to the better care at the accident site, the improvement in the collection and transfer of the patient, the creation of the ICU, the advancement of diagnostic techniques that are the fundamental basis in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with TBI. The severe skull traumas are the basis for the development of several serious complications that pose many problems in medical practice. Survivors of brain trauma are often left with significant disabilities
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Traumatismos craneocerebrales, Espectroscopía de resonancia magnética, Tomografía axial computarizada, Hospital Luis Vernaza, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador