Determinar la eficacia de la presión positiva continúa en la vía aérea-nasal como tratamiento para la enfermedad de membrana hialina en prematuros, estudio realizado en el Hospital Enrique C. Sotomayor en el Area de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal
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2013
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Tecnología Médica
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Un estudio exploratorio de tipo retrospectivo se realizó en la Ciudad de Guayaquil, en el Hospital Gineco Obstétrico Enrique C. Sotomayor. Fueron estudiados un total de 97 recién nacidos, quienes utilizaron como tratamiento en la Enfermedad de Membrana Hialina a la presión positiva continua en la vía aérea- nasal en la Unidad de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal desde enero a junio de 2013.
Antes de la década de los años 60, los recién nacidos con severa enfermedad pulmonar tenían muy alta mortalidad, ya que su tratamiento consistía solamente en medidas de sostén general. Más adelante fue que se introdujo la técnica de ventilación mecánica invasiva en aquellos niños con probabilidad de morir muy elevadas, la que constituye en los tiempos actuales un tratamiento estándar para neonatos con severa dificultad respiratoria. Recién en la década de los 70 se reporto el uso de presión positiva continua en vías aéreas endotraqueales. En la actualidad existen gran variedad de modos ventilatorios entre los cuales tenemos el cpap nasal el cual es un modo no invasivo. Para La Enfermedad de Membrana Hialina es la incapacidad pulmonar del recién nacido para producir almacenar y liberar cantidades suficientes de surfactante, el cual tiene como función principal reducir la tensión superficial del alvéolo, evitando su colapso y haciendo que la difusión de gases se lleve a cabo en forma equitativa en todo el pulmón.
Concluimos que los neonatos de muy bajo peso al nacer son los que presentan mayor riesgo de muerte, así como los que presentan disfunción multiorgánica y además existe un porcentaje muy pequeño pero significativos de pacientes a término que hacen Membrana Hialina por consumo y al mismo tiempo podemos determinar que el CPAP Nasal es una alternativa muy eficiente para evitar el uso de la ventilación convencional en pacientes con Enfermedad de Membrana Hialina
A retrospective exploratory study was conducted in the City of Guayaquil, in the Obstetrician Obstetrician Hospital Enrique C. Sotomayor. A total of 97 newborns were studied, who used continuous positive airway pressure in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit as a treatment in the Hyaline Membrane Disease from January to June 2013. Before the 1960s, newborns with severe lung disease had very high mortality, since their treatment consisted only of general support measures. Later on, the technique of invasive mechanical ventilation was introduced in those children with a very high probability of dying, which is currently a standard treatment for neonates with severe respiratory distress. It was only in the 70s that the use of continuous positive pressure in endotracheal airways was reported. At present there are a variety of ventilatory modes among which we have nasal cpap which is a non-invasive way. For Hyaline Membrane Disease is the newborn's pulmonary inability to produce store and release sufficient quantities of surfactant, whose main function is to reduce the surface tension of the alveolus, preventing its collapse and causing the diffusion of gases to take place. equitably throughout the lung. We conclude that very low birth weight infants are the ones with the highest risk of death, as well as those with multi-organ dysfunction and there is also a very small but significant percentage of term patients who make Hyaline Membrane by consumption and at the same time we can determine that Nasal CPAP is a very efficient alternative to avoid the use of conventional ventilation in patients with Hyaline Membrane Disease
A retrospective exploratory study was conducted in the City of Guayaquil, in the Obstetrician Obstetrician Hospital Enrique C. Sotomayor. A total of 97 newborns were studied, who used continuous positive airway pressure in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit as a treatment in the Hyaline Membrane Disease from January to June 2013. Before the 1960s, newborns with severe lung disease had very high mortality, since their treatment consisted only of general support measures. Later on, the technique of invasive mechanical ventilation was introduced in those children with a very high probability of dying, which is currently a standard treatment for neonates with severe respiratory distress. It was only in the 70s that the use of continuous positive pressure in endotracheal airways was reported. At present there are a variety of ventilatory modes among which we have nasal cpap which is a non-invasive way. For Hyaline Membrane Disease is the newborn's pulmonary inability to produce store and release sufficient quantities of surfactant, whose main function is to reduce the surface tension of the alveolus, preventing its collapse and causing the diffusion of gases to take place. equitably throughout the lung. We conclude that very low birth weight infants are the ones with the highest risk of death, as well as those with multi-organ dysfunction and there is also a very small but significant percentage of term patients who make Hyaline Membrane by consumption and at the same time we can determine that Nasal CPAP is a very efficient alternative to avoid the use of conventional ventilation in patients with Hyaline Membrane Disease
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Enfermedad de la membrana hialina, Cavidad nasal, Unidades de Cuidado Intensivo Neonatal, Hospital Gineco-Obstétrico Enrique C. Sotomayor, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador, Recién nacido prematuro, Presión de las vías aéreas positiva contínua