Factores de riesgo en la prevalencia de hepatitis B en donantes del Banco de Sangre de Machala 2005 – 2007
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2015
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
Hepatitis B, enfermedad vírica infecto contagiosa, es muy infectiva (200 veces más que el VIH), el 10% desarrolla una infección crónica vitalicia, hasta casos fulminantes y mortales de necrosis hepática aguda, del 15 a 25% de las personas con infección crónica por VHB morirán prematuramente y el 80% de los casos con carcinoma. La transmisión sexual de varones infectados a mujeres, es 3 veces más que la situación opuesta, el coito anal penetrante y receptivo se asocia a la infección. Los factores de riesgo: transfusiones sanguíneas y la transmisión al nacer de una madre infectada al bebe. En el Banco de Sangre para el año 2005, de entre 3782 donantes hubieron 12 infectados con HBV, en el 2006 de 3752 donantes con 16 infectados, para el año 2007 de 4273 donantes hubieron 17 infectados, hay un incremento de casos de Hepatitis B del año 2005 al 2006 del 33.3%, del año 2006 al 2007 aumenta en un 6.3%. Los resultados son: La prevalencia de Hepatitis B entre los Donantes de Sangre en los 3 años de estudio es del 0,38 x 100 donantes, en el año 2006 fue la más alta prevalencia 0.43 x 100 donantes, en el año 2007 descendió al 0.40 x 100 donantes. En el año 2005 fue la más baja 0,32 x 100 donantes. Son de 20 a 49 años de edad, sexo masculino, no consumen alcohol, medicamentos o drogas, tampoco han recibido vacuna en los últimos 12 meses, no tienen una vida sexual activa de riesgo, proceden de otras provincias y de Machala. Son heterosexuales, no han pagado por mantener relaciones sexuales, ni por relaciones sexuales a personas que usaban drogas. No han recibido sangre, componente, trasplante o tratamiento dental en los últimos 12 meses, ni intervención quirúrgica o procedimiento médico. El 97,8% no tienen perceens, el 6,7% si tienen tatuajes, no utilizan drogas inyectables. En el seguimiento, fueron ubicados 26 personas. El 46.2% son de 51 a 60 años, son de sexo masculino, entre comerciantes, choferes, mecánicos, el 100% están vivos, no han recibido la vacuna, 96.2% se ha realizado seguimiento médico, y 92.3% no han presentado enfermedades hepáticas.
ES
Hepatitis B, contagious viral infectious disease is very infectious (200 times more than HIV), 10% develop chronic infection for life, to fulminant and fatal acute hepatic necrosis, the 15-25% of people with chronic HBV die prematurely, 80% of cases of carcinoma HBV. Sexual transmission from infected men to women is 3 times more than the opposite situation, anal, penetrating and receptive intercourse is associated with infection. Risk factors: blood transfusion and transmission at birth from an infected mother to baby. The Blood Bank for the year 2005, from 3782 there were 12 donors infected with HBV in 2006 3752 16 donors infected by the year 2007 there were 17 infected donors 4273, there is an increase in cases of hepatitis B 2005 to 2006 of 33.3%, from 2006 to 2007 increased by 6.3%. The results: The prevalence of hepatitis B among blood donors in the 3 years of study is 0.38 x 100 donors in 2006 was the highest prevalence 0.43 x 100 donors in 2007 fell to 0.40 x 100 donor. In 2005 was the lowest 0,32 x 100 donors. Are 20 to 49 years old, male, not consume alcohol, drugs or medications, have not received vaccine in the past 12 months, have an active sex life risk come from other provinces and Machala. Are heterosexual, they have not paid for sex, nor sex to people using drugs. Have not received blood component, transplant or dental treatment in the past 12 months, or surgery or medical procedure. 97,8% have perceens, 6,7% if they have tattoos, do not use injection drugs. At follow-up, 26 people were located. 46.2% are 51 to 60 years, are male, between merchants, drivers, mechanics, 100% are alive, have not received the vaccine, 96.2% was made medical monitoring, and 92.3% have not submitted liver disease.
Hepatitis B, contagious viral infectious disease is very infectious (200 times more than HIV), 10% develop chronic infection for life, to fulminant and fatal acute hepatic necrosis, the 15-25% of people with chronic HBV die prematurely, 80% of cases of carcinoma HBV. Sexual transmission from infected men to women is 3 times more than the opposite situation, anal, penetrating and receptive intercourse is associated with infection. Risk factors: blood transfusion and transmission at birth from an infected mother to baby. The Blood Bank for the year 2005, from 3782 there were 12 donors infected with HBV in 2006 3752 16 donors infected by the year 2007 there were 17 infected donors 4273, there is an increase in cases of hepatitis B 2005 to 2006 of 33.3%, from 2006 to 2007 increased by 6.3%. The results: The prevalence of hepatitis B among blood donors in the 3 years of study is 0.38 x 100 donors in 2006 was the highest prevalence 0.43 x 100 donors in 2007 fell to 0.40 x 100 donor. In 2005 was the lowest 0,32 x 100 donors. Are 20 to 49 years old, male, not consume alcohol, drugs or medications, have not received vaccine in the past 12 months, have an active sex life risk come from other provinces and Machala. Are heterosexual, they have not paid for sex, nor sex to people using drugs. Have not received blood component, transplant or dental treatment in the past 12 months, or surgery or medical procedure. 97,8% have perceens, 6,7% if they have tattoos, do not use injection drugs. At follow-up, 26 people were located. 46.2% are 51 to 60 years, are male, between merchants, drivers, mechanics, 100% are alive, have not received the vaccine, 96.2% was made medical monitoring, and 92.3% have not submitted liver disease.
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Hepatitis B, Factores de riesgo, Donantes de sangre, Banco de Sangre de Machala, Cantón Machala, Ecuador, Prevalencia