Estudio morfoestructural entre la zona sur de la isla Puná y borde norte de la isla Santa Clara, golfo de Guayaquil, Ecuador
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2015
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Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Universidad de Guayaquil
Resumen
La presente tesis se realizó en el Instituto Oceanográfico de la Armada junto con la SENESCYT en el proyecto Estudio de la evolución tectónica y sedimentaria reciente del margen continental del Golfo de Guayaquil y Esmeraldas, a partir de datos de geofísica y geología marina - MARGE. El cual es un proyecto de exploración en aporte a la investigación del país, teniendo como uno de sus objetivos la búsqueda de la incidencia de la falla Zambapala-Lechuza en el fondo marino entre el sur de la isla Puná y borde norte de la isla Santa Clara.
Para desarrollar la caracterización del suelo y subsuelo marino, se utilizaron métodos geofísicos como la batimetría multihaz y la sísmica de alta resolución o sísmica superficial, donde se identificó diferentes geoformas, estructuras y secuencias sedimentarias, que mediante datos bibliográficos de cambios relativos del nivel del mar y las velocidades estándares designados por las diferentes configuraciones sísmicas, se puede determinar las edades relativas de las diferentes secuencias sedimentarias e identificar la actividad reciente de los estratos deformados identificados en las líneas sísmicas.
De igual manera, se logró obtener la tasa de subsidencia de los bloques identificados por sus cambios de pendientes abruptas observado en la batimetría multihaz y en la sísmica, permitiendo correlacionar estructuras que forman parte de un mismo sistema de falla (Puná-Santa Clara) compuesta por una falla transcurrente dextral que se encuentra segmentada. Esto reflejado por los cambios de alineamientos de las geoformas identificadas y por la intensidad tectónica reflejada en las líneas sísmicas, permitiendo interpretar como una falla segmentada perteneciente a la mega falla Dolores-Guayaquil.
Para un mejor análisis y obtención de datos más exactos se toma en consideración recomendar la posterior toma de núcleos de sedimentos y el análisis micropaleontológicos en investigaciones futuras.
This thesis was conducted at the Naval Oceanographic Institute along with SENESCYT in the project Study of the Recent Tectonic and Sedimentary Evolution of the Continental Margin of the Gulf of Guayaquil and Esmeraldas, using marine geology and geophysical data - MARGE. It is project contribution to Research in the country, one of its objectives is to study the incidence of the Zambapala-Lechuza Fault on the seabed between the southern edge Puna Island and northern edge of the Santa Clara Island. In order to characterize the seabed and the marine subsoil geophysical methods such as multibeam bathymetry and high resolution seismic were used. Different landforms, structures and sedimentary sequences were identified. The use of bibliographic data relative to the sea level changes and standard speeds designated by the different seismic configurations, the relative ages of the different sedimentary sequences was determined. The activity of the deformed strata was identified on the seismic lines by the same method. Similarly, the rate of subsidence of the blocks identified by their changes of steep slopes observed in the multibeam bathymetry and seismic, allows to correlate structures that are part of the fault (Puna-Santa Clara). the fault is composed by segmented dextral strike-slip. The changes in alignment of the identified landforms and tectonic intensity are reflected on the seismic lines, which let us identify the segmented fault as part of Dolores-Guayaquil mega fault. We considered the use of sediment core and the micropaleontological analysis as a recommendation to obtain more accurate data.
This thesis was conducted at the Naval Oceanographic Institute along with SENESCYT in the project Study of the Recent Tectonic and Sedimentary Evolution of the Continental Margin of the Gulf of Guayaquil and Esmeraldas, using marine geology and geophysical data - MARGE. It is project contribution to Research in the country, one of its objectives is to study the incidence of the Zambapala-Lechuza Fault on the seabed between the southern edge Puna Island and northern edge of the Santa Clara Island. In order to characterize the seabed and the marine subsoil geophysical methods such as multibeam bathymetry and high resolution seismic were used. Different landforms, structures and sedimentary sequences were identified. The use of bibliographic data relative to the sea level changes and standard speeds designated by the different seismic configurations, the relative ages of the different sedimentary sequences was determined. The activity of the deformed strata was identified on the seismic lines by the same method. Similarly, the rate of subsidence of the blocks identified by their changes of steep slopes observed in the multibeam bathymetry and seismic, allows to correlate structures that are part of the fault (Puna-Santa Clara). the fault is composed by segmented dextral strike-slip. The changes in alignment of the identified landforms and tectonic intensity are reflected on the seismic lines, which let us identify the segmented fault as part of Dolores-Guayaquil mega fault. We considered the use of sediment core and the micropaleontological analysis as a recommendation to obtain more accurate data.
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BATIMETRÍA, SISMICA, GEOFORMAS, SUBSIDENCIA, TRANSCURRENTE, TECTONICA