Correlación, estado nutricional y morbilidad en niños dignosticados de leucemia aguda, Hospital Francisco de Icaza Bustamante, años 2015-2016
Fecha
2018
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
Las leucemias son el cáncer más común en niños entre los 12 meses de edad y los 15
años, llegando a representar hasta el 30% de todas las enfermedades malignas de la
infancia teniendo un riesgo elevado de malnutrición a causa de las características de la
enfermedad de base. La desnutrición constituye el diagnóstico secundario más común
en pacientes con leucemia, se ha demostrado por varios autores que la malnutrición
puede ser un factor relevante en el tratamiento y evolución de la enfermedad. El
presente estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar el estado nutricional en los pacientes
pediátricos diagnosticados de leucemia aguda en el Hospital del Niño “Dr. Francisco de
Icaza Bustamante”, se realizó en el servicio de oncología con un universo de 192 casos
y muestra de 90 casos seleccionados basados en criterios de inclusión y exclusión.
Diseño transversal, descriptivo y analítico. Los datos recolectados fueron registrados en
una ficha nutricional, la misma que fue individual para cada paciente. Obteniendo como
resultado que la fiebre, el dolor en los miembros inferiores y las hemorragias fueron los
síntomas que más se manifestaron. El 70% de los pacientes presentaban pocos cambios
en su alimentación. El 57,8% de los pacientes presentaron un recuento bajo de
leucocitos, hubo un predominio de pacientes con cifras de hemoglobina entre 7,0 y 10,0
g/L y alrededor de la mitad de los pacientes evidenciaron una albuminemia entre 3,5 y
5,0 g/dL. Concluyendo que fueron más frecuentes los pacientes masculinos y los
menores de cinco años. Se evidenció un índice de riesgo nutricional bajo (≤ 5 del IRN)
en el 83,3% de los pacientes y los pacientes con altos índices de riesgo nutricional,
tienden más a presentar alteraciones de la alimentación.
Leukemia is one of the most common cancer disease in children between 12 months of age and 15 years, accounting for up to 30% of all childhood malignancies. The child with cancer has a high risk of malnutrition due to the characteristics of the underlying disease. Malnutrition is the most common secondary diagnosis in patients with leukemia. It has been demonstrated by several authors that malnutrition can be a relevant factor in the treatment and evolution of the disease. The present study has a purpose to assess nutritional status in pediatric patients diagnosed with acute leukemia at the "Dr. Francisco de Icaza Bustamante" Child Hospital, was performed at the oncology service with a universe of 192 cases and sample of 90 selected cases based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Transversal, descriptive and analytical design. The data collected has been recorded in a nutritional record, which had been individual for each patient. Our result was Fever, pain in the lower limbs and hemorrhages were the symptoms that manifested most. 70% of the patients had few changes in their diet. 57.8% of the patients presented a low white blood cell count, there was a predominance of patients with hemoglobin values between 7.0 and 10.0 g/L and around half of the patients showed an albuminemia between 3.5 and 5.0 g/dL. In conclution Male patients and children under five were more frequent. A low nutritional risk index (≤5 of the IRN) was observed in 83.3% of the patients and patients with high nutritional risk indexes tend to present alterations in their diet.
Leukemia is one of the most common cancer disease in children between 12 months of age and 15 years, accounting for up to 30% of all childhood malignancies. The child with cancer has a high risk of malnutrition due to the characteristics of the underlying disease. Malnutrition is the most common secondary diagnosis in patients with leukemia. It has been demonstrated by several authors that malnutrition can be a relevant factor in the treatment and evolution of the disease. The present study has a purpose to assess nutritional status in pediatric patients diagnosed with acute leukemia at the "Dr. Francisco de Icaza Bustamante" Child Hospital, was performed at the oncology service with a universe of 192 cases and sample of 90 selected cases based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Transversal, descriptive and analytical design. The data collected has been recorded in a nutritional record, which had been individual for each patient. Our result was Fever, pain in the lower limbs and hemorrhages were the symptoms that manifested most. 70% of the patients had few changes in their diet. 57.8% of the patients presented a low white blood cell count, there was a predominance of patients with hemoglobin values between 7.0 and 10.0 g/L and around half of the patients showed an albuminemia between 3.5 and 5.0 g/dL. In conclution Male patients and children under five were more frequent. A low nutritional risk index (≤5 of the IRN) was observed in 83.3% of the patients and patients with high nutritional risk indexes tend to present alterations in their diet.
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Leucemia, Estado nutricional, Morbilidad, Pediatría, Epidemiología descriptiva, Epidemiología analítica, Hospital del Niño Francisco de Icaza Bustamante, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador