Efecto de hypocrea lixii sobre el tizón temprano del tomate alternaria solani en condiciones de invernadero, Guayas 2014
Fecha
2015
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
El tomate Lycopersicum esculentum Mill es una solanácea que es afectado por diversos microorganismos como hongos, bacterias, virus y nematodos; para prevenir estos problemas se utilizan pesticidas para su manejo, los mismos que aumentan los costos de producción y daños en la salud de las personas que laboran en la actividad agrícola y de consumidores. Dentro de las enfermedades comunes y de importancia económica se encuentra el tizón temprano del tomate o alternariosis, causada por Alternaria solani. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar el efecto de Hypocrea lixii sobre el tizón temprano del tomate Alternaria solani, en condiciones de invernadero, la misma que se desarrollo entre el mes de octubre del 2014 a mayo del 2015.
La investigación tuvo cinco tratamientos por cada experimento es decir de dosis y frecuencias, se utilizó un diseño completamente aleatorio (DCA) con 10 unidades experimentales. Los tratamientos del estudio de dosis fueron: 1x106, 1x108 y 1x1010 conidios por ml y cinco frecuencias de aplicación. 10, 15, 20, 28 y 44 días después de trasplante; en ambos ensayos se incluyeron dos testigos uno absoluto y uno químico. Se registraron datos de incidencia y severidad de la enfermedad mediante la escala de 0 a 5 grados, donde 0= sin síntomas y 5= más del 50% del área foliar manchada.
Se determinó que la dosis de 1 x 1010 de Hypocrea lixii fue la de menor incidencia de daños por Alternaria solani con 5,8%; la frecuencia con menor porcentaje de plantas afectadas fue cada 20 días.
The tomato Lycopersicon esculentum Mill is a solanum which is affected by various microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria, viruses and nematodes; to prevent these problems there are used pesticides for handling, the same that rise costs for production and damage the health of working people in agriculture and consumers. Among the common diseases in economical important of tomato we find early blight or Alternariosis, caused by Alternaria solani. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of Hypocrea lixii on tomato early blight Alternaria solani, under greenhouse conditions developed between October 2014 and May 2015. Research had five treatments per experiment in dose and frequency, it was used a completely random design (CRD) with 10 experimental units. The dose study treatments were: 1x106, 1x108 and 1x1010 conidia per ml. in five application frequencies. 10, 15, 20, 28 and 44 days after transplantation; two witnesses in both trials, an absolute one and one chemical is included. Data on the incidence and severity of the disease were recorded by the scale of 0-5 degrees, where 0 = no symptoms to 5 = more than 50% of the spotted leaf area. It was determined that the dose of 1 x 1010 Hypocrea lixii showed the lower incidence of damage by Alternaria solani 5.8 % ; the frequency with the lowest percentage of affected plants was every 20 days.
The tomato Lycopersicon esculentum Mill is a solanum which is affected by various microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria, viruses and nematodes; to prevent these problems there are used pesticides for handling, the same that rise costs for production and damage the health of working people in agriculture and consumers. Among the common diseases in economical important of tomato we find early blight or Alternariosis, caused by Alternaria solani. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of Hypocrea lixii on tomato early blight Alternaria solani, under greenhouse conditions developed between October 2014 and May 2015. Research had five treatments per experiment in dose and frequency, it was used a completely random design (CRD) with 10 experimental units. The dose study treatments were: 1x106, 1x108 and 1x1010 conidia per ml. in five application frequencies. 10, 15, 20, 28 and 44 days after transplantation; two witnesses in both trials, an absolute one and one chemical is included. Data on the incidence and severity of the disease were recorded by the scale of 0-5 degrees, where 0 = no symptoms to 5 = more than 50% of the spotted leaf area. It was determined that the dose of 1 x 1010 Hypocrea lixii showed the lower incidence of damage by Alternaria solani 5.8 % ; the frequency with the lowest percentage of affected plants was every 20 days.
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Efecto invernadero, Hongos, Bacterias, Universidad de Guayaquil, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador, Cultivo de tomate, Alternaria solani, Hypocrea lixii, Provincia del Guayas