Propuesta de vivienda bioclimática de interés social para la intervención del asentamiento informal en Picoazá, Portoviejo, Ecuador
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2020-11
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Universidad de Guayaquil: Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo
Resumen
En el Ecuador, los asentamientos humanos informales se han incrementado
considerablemente en la última década. En el Cantón Portoviejo estos
asentamientos incumplen con los lineamientos, reglamentos y normas
gubernamentales. El presente trabajo analiza las condiciones de la Parroquia
Picoazá como asentamiento humano irregular y presenta como objetivo: proponer
espacios habitacionales mixtos que potencie el proceso de toma de decisiones para
la mejora del confort de los pobladores y el incremento de la productividad. Como
problema de investigación se tiene el déficit y costo elevado de vivienda que ha
provocado efectos en el apropiamiento ilegal del territorio para asentar nuevas
viviendas dando paso al hacinamiento, tugurización y falta de acceso a servicios
básicos en las viviendas de la Parroquia Picoazá. La propuesta arquitectónica de
vivienda bioclimática productiva aporta a la planificación urbana como una
alternativa de vivienda digna y sostenible; que emplee técnicas constructivas
desarrolladas de forma vernácula para reducir los costos de la vivienda y genere
ingresos mediante huertos urbanos en los patios de las casas. La vivienda productiva
se establece como el modelo económico para obtener desarrollo local, se estudia la
conceptualización teórica y funcional de la vivienda analizando la producción
agrícola y ganadera del sector para obtener un enfoque claro del tipo de
emprendimiento productivo dentro de la vivienda. Se sugieren reformas
sustanciales a las viviendas como desarrollos comunales, planteando viviendas de
1,2 y hasta 4 familias y elaboradas con técnicas de construcción ancestral mediante
una metodología de estudio de caso con métodos mixtos de recolección y análisis
de datos. Se empleará el método cualitativo descriptivo utilizando la observación y
la entrevista hacia actores focales y expertos para conocer opiniones sobre
parámetros de diseño bioclimático, constructivo y productivo enfocadas a la mejora
de la calidad social, económica y ambiental. Mediante un diseño participativo
iv
propuesto por la localidad y con recomendaciones de expertos, se busca un punto
intermedio de aceptación para el diseño de la propuesta. Como conclusión final, se
exponen los resultados obtenidos y su articulación con la planificación urbana del
territorio
In Ecuador, informal human settlements have increased considerably in the last decade. In the Canton Portoviejo, these settlements fail to comply with government guidelines, regulations and standards. The present work analyzes the conditions of the Picoazá Parish as an irregular human settlement and presents as an objective: to propose mixed housing spaces that enhance the decision-making process to improve the comfort of the inhabitants and increase productivity. As a research problem, there is the deficit and high cost of housing that has caused effects on the illegal appropriation of the territory to settle new houses, giving way to overcrowding, slumming and lack of access to basic services in the homes of the Picoazá Parish. The architectural proposal of productive bioclimatic housing contributes to urban planning as a decent and sustainable housing alternative; employing vernacularly developed construction techniques to reduce housing costs and generate income through urban gardens in home yards. Productive housing is established as the economic model to obtain local development, the theoretical and functional conceptualization of housing is studied by analyzing the agricultural and livestock production of the sector to obtain a clear focus on the type of productive enterprise within the house. Substantial reforms are suggested to the houses as communal developments, proposing houses for 1,2 and up to 4 families and elaborated with ancestral construction techniques through a case study methodology with mixed data collection and analysis methods. The qualitative descriptive method will be used using observation and interviews with focal actors and experts to obtain opinions on bioclimatic, constructive and productive design parameters focused on improving social, economic and environmental quality. Through a participatory design proposed by the locality and with expert recommendations, an intermediate point of acceptance is sought for the design of the proposal. As a final conclusion, the results obtained and their articulation with the urban planning of the territory are exposed
In Ecuador, informal human settlements have increased considerably in the last decade. In the Canton Portoviejo, these settlements fail to comply with government guidelines, regulations and standards. The present work analyzes the conditions of the Picoazá Parish as an irregular human settlement and presents as an objective: to propose mixed housing spaces that enhance the decision-making process to improve the comfort of the inhabitants and increase productivity. As a research problem, there is the deficit and high cost of housing that has caused effects on the illegal appropriation of the territory to settle new houses, giving way to overcrowding, slumming and lack of access to basic services in the homes of the Picoazá Parish. The architectural proposal of productive bioclimatic housing contributes to urban planning as a decent and sustainable housing alternative; employing vernacularly developed construction techniques to reduce housing costs and generate income through urban gardens in home yards. Productive housing is established as the economic model to obtain local development, the theoretical and functional conceptualization of housing is studied by analyzing the agricultural and livestock production of the sector to obtain a clear focus on the type of productive enterprise within the house. Substantial reforms are suggested to the houses as communal developments, proposing houses for 1,2 and up to 4 families and elaborated with ancestral construction techniques through a case study methodology with mixed data collection and analysis methods. The qualitative descriptive method will be used using observation and interviews with focal actors and experts to obtain opinions on bioclimatic, constructive and productive design parameters focused on improving social, economic and environmental quality. Through a participatory design proposed by the locality and with expert recommendations, an intermediate point of acceptance is sought for the design of the proposal. As a final conclusion, the results obtained and their articulation with the urban planning of the territory are exposed
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Palabras clave
ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS INFORMALES, ARQUITECTURA DE ASENTAMIENTOS URBANOS, CONSTRUCCIÓN ANCESTRAL, VIVIENDA BIOCLIMÁTICA