Propuesta de diseño de áreas verdes en el ordenamiento territorial de la Cooperativa Nueva Aurora, Daule, Ecuador
Fecha
2020-11
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Universidad de Guayaquil: Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo
Resumen
En los últimos 10 años, la industria de la construcción ha tenido un fuerte impacto
económico y social en el Ecuador, creando plazas de trabajo y uniendo cantones.
Pero en términos de sostenibilidad va dejando consecuencias negativas, como la
contaminación, siendo un ejemplo de ello el cantón Daule, donde existe una
enorme cantidad de proyectos inmobiliarios debido la gran demanda de personas
que buscan vivienda cerca de Guayaquil y que migran por la falta de expansión en
la ciudad, generando conurbación entre los dos cantones y evidenciando el aumento significativo de población específicamente en la parroquia La Aurora, devastando las tierras agrícolas y convirtiéndolas en urbanizaciones privadas en serie por un lado, así como en asentamientos humanos desordenados en la cooperativa del mismo nombre, siendo este último un desarrollo no planificado. Ambos
escenarios tienen algo en común: casi nulos espacios de vegetación, generando
mayor contaminación ambiental por la congestión de tráfico vehicular, alza de
temperatura y falta de captación de CO2, lo que a su vez implica problemas de
salud en la población; a esto se suma la pérdida de la biodiversidad, la ausencia
del paisaje y todos los perjuicios que conlleva la falta de ellos, que de lo contrario
representaría bienestar. El presente trabajo propone la creación de un diseño de
áreas verdes en la cooperativa “Nueva Aurora” para el mejoramiento del paisaje
urbano y goce de beneficios socio-ambientales que se pueden obtener pese a no
disponer de una buena planificación, conformando talleres participativos y evaluando la percepción de la comunidad por medio de encuestas estructuradas a los
actores locales y tabuladas por medio del software SPSS. Los resultados obtenidos
se inclinan a la necesidad de espacios verdes y de recreación tanto para niños como para adultos mayores que son quienes más sienten la ausencia de estos, para lo
que se presenta un esquema de diseño de áreas verdes en la cooperativa Nueva
Aurora, con una tabla de las especies de plantas adecuadas para cada lugar de
acuerdo a las preferencias de los habitantes del sector, para su satisfacción, y pudiendo ser aplicada inclusive en urbanizaciones cercanas. Este trabajo muestra la
importancia de la relación entre la planificación territorial y áreas verdes, ya que
la inclusión de éstas en el entorno del hombre ayuda a mejorar su calidad de vida
In the last 10 years, the construction industry has had a strong economic and social impact in Ecuador, creating jobs and joining cantons. But in terms of sustainability, it is leaving negative consequences, such as pollution, an example of which is the Daule canton, where there is a huge number of real estate projects due to the great demand of people looking for housing near Guayaquil and who migrate through the lack of expansion in the city, generating a conurbation between the two cantons and evidencing the significant increase in population specifically in the La Aurora parish, devastating agricultural lands and turning them into serial private urbanizations on the one hand, as well as in disorderly human settlements in the cooperative of the same name, the latter being an unplanned development. Both scenes have something in common: almost no vegetation spaces, generating more environmental pollution due to vehicular traffic congestion, temperature rise and lack of CO2 capture, which in turn implies health problems in the population; also adde the loss of biodiversity, the absence of the landscape and all the damages that lack of them entails, which would otherwise represent well-being. This paper proposes the creation of a green area design in the cooperative "La Aurora" for the improvement of the urban landscape and enjoy the socio-environmental benefits that can be obtained despite not having good planning, forming participatory workshops and evaluating the community's perception through structured surveys of local actors and tabulated through SPSS software. The results obtained are inclined to the need for green spaces and recreation both for children and for older adults who are the ones who most feel the 3 absence of these, for which a design scheme of green areas is presented in the Nueva Aurora cooperative, with a table of the species of plants suitable for each place according to the preferences of the inhabitants of the sector, for their satisfaction, and can even be applied in nearby urbanizations. This work shows the importance of the relationship between territorial planning and green areas, since their inclusion in the human environment helps to improve their quality of life.
In the last 10 years, the construction industry has had a strong economic and social impact in Ecuador, creating jobs and joining cantons. But in terms of sustainability, it is leaving negative consequences, such as pollution, an example of which is the Daule canton, where there is a huge number of real estate projects due to the great demand of people looking for housing near Guayaquil and who migrate through the lack of expansion in the city, generating a conurbation between the two cantons and evidencing the significant increase in population specifically in the La Aurora parish, devastating agricultural lands and turning them into serial private urbanizations on the one hand, as well as in disorderly human settlements in the cooperative of the same name, the latter being an unplanned development. Both scenes have something in common: almost no vegetation spaces, generating more environmental pollution due to vehicular traffic congestion, temperature rise and lack of CO2 capture, which in turn implies health problems in the population; also adde the loss of biodiversity, the absence of the landscape and all the damages that lack of them entails, which would otherwise represent well-being. This paper proposes the creation of a green area design in the cooperative "La Aurora" for the improvement of the urban landscape and enjoy the socio-environmental benefits that can be obtained despite not having good planning, forming participatory workshops and evaluating the community's perception through structured surveys of local actors and tabulated through SPSS software. The results obtained are inclined to the need for green spaces and recreation both for children and for older adults who are the ones who most feel the 3 absence of these, for which a design scheme of green areas is presented in the Nueva Aurora cooperative, with a table of the species of plants suitable for each place according to the preferences of the inhabitants of the sector, for their satisfaction, and can even be applied in nearby urbanizations. This work shows the importance of the relationship between territorial planning and green areas, since their inclusion in the human environment helps to improve their quality of life.
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PAISAJE URBANO, ÁREAS VERDES, PLANIFICACIÓN TERRITORIAL, CALIDD DE VIDA