Determinación de la prevalencia y principales factores de riesgo en adolescentes embarazadas atendidas en el Hospital Dr. Verdi Cevallos Balda, Portoviejo, 2008 - 2010
Fecha
2014
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo, con el objetivo de determinar la prevalencia de los embarazos adolescentes asistidos en el Hospital “Dr. Verdi Cevallos Balda” de Portoviejo entre el 1 de enero de 2008 y el 31 de diciembre de 2010; caracterizando la muestra según edades - nivel de instrucción - estado civil - factores de riesgo – complicaciones.
De un número total de partos de 16,318; correspondieron 1,866 a madres adolescentes (11, 44%), de las que un 85% fueron primigestas; y un 65% de las mismas llevaron a término su embarazo. Solamente fueron tributarias de cesáreas 824 para un 44%, y en el puerperio inmediato la normalidad emocional estuvo presente en el 78% del total.
De estas 1866 madres adolescentes, el 59% correspondió al grupo etario de 16 a 19 años, y un 50,15% provenían de familias disfuncionales. El nivel de instrucción general fue bajo (30,6%). Del total absoluto un 65% manifestó secundaria incompleta; y un 74,11% de ellas no estudiaba ni trabajaba al inicio del embarazo.
Un 44% de ellas iniciaron su vida sexual entre los 12 y los 14 años, y un 41,37% reconocieron prácticas sexuales promiscuas. En cuanto al estado civil, predominaron las solteras con un 77% (solo un 6% de casadas).Un 59% de estas madres adolescentes residían en áreas periféricas de la ciudad, un 44,26% refirieron condiciones económicas desfavorables y un 66,13% señalaron vivir en condiciones de hacinamiento.
El 60% de las complicaciones presentadas en la serie, estuvo dado por 946 casos de infecciones urinarias.
Basado en estos resultados se recomienda una propuesta de intervención multisectorial, que permitan actuar sobre los factores modificables y poder disminuir así la aparición del embarazo en la adolescencia.
It made descriptive and retrospective research, with the aim of determine the prevalence of teenager pregnancy in the hospital “Dr Verdi Cevallos Balda” of Portoviejo between January 12008 and December 31 2010 ,characterizing the sample according to age , education level , marital status-risk factors-complication . From 16,318 of births; 1,866 were teenager mother,(11,44%),so 85% were primiparous from them; and 65%from the same they finished their pregnancy . only 824 were caesarean case for 44%, and in the immediate postpartum the emotional normality was in 78% from the total. From 1866 teenager mother,59% were in the age group between 16 and 19 years, and 50,15% they come from dysfunctional families. the training level was low (30,6%). From the total 65% they have finished college; and 74,11% they did not study and work when they began the pregnancy. 44% fronthen, they began their sexual life between 12 and 14 year old, and 41,37% admitted promiscuous sexual practice. according the marital status there are 77% single mothers ( only 6% are married). 59% from these teenager mothers have lived in peripheral areas in the city, 44,26% had hostile economic situation and 66,13% have lived in overcrowding conditions.60%from the complication presents in the series, it was reported because of 946 cases of urinary infeccioes. It based in this final result, it is recommended a proposal of intervention multisectoral which it allow us to act in the modiafiable factors and to be able to reduce the pregnancy in teenagers.
It made descriptive and retrospective research, with the aim of determine the prevalence of teenager pregnancy in the hospital “Dr Verdi Cevallos Balda” of Portoviejo between January 12008 and December 31 2010 ,characterizing the sample according to age , education level , marital status-risk factors-complication . From 16,318 of births; 1,866 were teenager mother,(11,44%),so 85% were primiparous from them; and 65%from the same they finished their pregnancy . only 824 were caesarean case for 44%, and in the immediate postpartum the emotional normality was in 78% from the total. From 1866 teenager mother,59% were in the age group between 16 and 19 years, and 50,15% they come from dysfunctional families. the training level was low (30,6%). From the total 65% they have finished college; and 74,11% they did not study and work when they began the pregnancy. 44% fronthen, they began their sexual life between 12 and 14 year old, and 41,37% admitted promiscuous sexual practice. according the marital status there are 77% single mothers ( only 6% are married). 59% from these teenager mothers have lived in peripheral areas in the city, 44,26% had hostile economic situation and 66,13% have lived in overcrowding conditions.60%from the complication presents in the series, it was reported because of 946 cases of urinary infeccioes. It based in this final result, it is recommended a proposal of intervention multisectoral which it allow us to act in the modiafiable factors and to be able to reduce the pregnancy in teenagers.
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Embarazo en adolescencia, Factores de riesgo, Epidemiología descriptiva, Estudios retrospectivos, Hospital Regional Dr. Verdi Cevallos Balda, Cantón Portoviejo, Ecuador