Relación entre hábitos orales no fisiológicos y maloclusiones durante la dentición mixta en niños con trastorno de atención e hiperactividad
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2024-03
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad Piloto de Odontología
Resumen
La evidencia ha demostrado que los niños con trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad presentan más ansiedad hacia el tratamiento dental. Esos pacientes también tienen mayor riesgo de desarrollar caries dental, desgaste dental y hábitos bucales parafuncionales, como bruxismo, morderse las uñas y las mejillas. Además, en esta población se ha informado de una menor historia de lactancia materna durante la infancia y más trastornos respiratorios durante el sueño. Aunque estos factores pueden estar relacionados con la maloclusión dental, aún no está claro si la prevalencia de la maloclusión y la necesidad de tratamiento de ortodoncia son mayores en niños con trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad. Objetivo: Determinar la relación existente entre los hábitos orales no fisiológicos y las maloclusiones en niños con dentición mixta diagnosticados con trastorno de déficit de atención e hiperactividad. Metodología: El presente estudio es de naturaleza cualitativa, descriptiva y documental. Conclusiones: El manejo de los pacientes con trastorno de déficit de atención e hiperactividad durante la consulta odontológica debe ser meticuloso, ya que es probable que los niños experimenten más ansiedad al visitar las clínicas dentales; el manejo exitoso de estos jóvenes requiere del uso de enfoques no farmacológicos como la terapia cognitiva conductual. Recomendaciones: Realizar más estudios para comprobar el verdadero impacto de las maloclusiones con trastorno de déficit de atención e hiperactividad en niños con dentición mixta.
Evidence has shown that children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder have more anxiety toward dental treatment. These patients are also at higher risk of developing dental cavities, tooth wear, and parafunctional oral habits, such as bruxism, nail biting, and cheek biting. Additionally, a lower history of breastfeeding during childhood and more breathing disorders during sleep have been reported in this population. Although these factors may be related to dental malocclusion, it is still unclear whether the prevalence of malocclusion and the need for orthodontic treatment is higher in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Aim: Determine the relationship between non-physiological oral habits and malocclusions in children with mixed dentition diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Methodology: This study is qualitative, descriptive, and documentary in nature. Conclusions: The management of patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder during the dental consultation must be meticulous, since children are likely to experience more anxiety when visiting dental clinics; Successful management of these youth requires the use of non-pharmacological approaches such as cognitive behavioral therapy. Recommendations: Conduct more studies to verify the true impact of malocclusions with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children with mixed dentition.
Evidence has shown that children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder have more anxiety toward dental treatment. These patients are also at higher risk of developing dental cavities, tooth wear, and parafunctional oral habits, such as bruxism, nail biting, and cheek biting. Additionally, a lower history of breastfeeding during childhood and more breathing disorders during sleep have been reported in this population. Although these factors may be related to dental malocclusion, it is still unclear whether the prevalence of malocclusion and the need for orthodontic treatment is higher in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Aim: Determine the relationship between non-physiological oral habits and malocclusions in children with mixed dentition diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Methodology: This study is qualitative, descriptive, and documentary in nature. Conclusions: The management of patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder during the dental consultation must be meticulous, since children are likely to experience more anxiety when visiting dental clinics; Successful management of these youth requires the use of non-pharmacological approaches such as cognitive behavioral therapy. Recommendations: Conduct more studies to verify the true impact of malocclusions with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children with mixed dentition.
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MALOCLUSION, BRUXISMO, DENTICION MIXTA