Distribución espacial de Los elasmobranquios sobre la base de capturas totales por lance y por estratos en la costa continental ecuatoriana
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2012
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales Maestría en Ciencias con énfasis en manejo sustentable de Recursos Bioacuáticos y el Medio ambiente. Magister en ciencias
Resumen
Durante siglos, los pescadores practicaron de manera sostenible la pesca de tiburón en aguas costeras, y algunos siguen haciéndolo. Sin embargo,en los decenios recientes la tecnología moderna, unida a acceso a mercados lejanos, ha ocasionado un aumento al esfuerzo de la pesca del tiburón, así como una expansión de las zonas donde se practica esa pesca.
Hasta mediados de la década de los ochenta a los tiburones se los consideró como un recurso relativamente abundante en aguas ecuatorianas. Realmente se dispone de poca información en cuanto a las capturas o la estimación de sus desembarques.
En Ecuador operan las flotas pesquera industrial y artesanal, la primera con la utilización de artes de pesca menos invasivas contra la captura incidental de elasmobranquios; la segunda representada por la flota pesquera arrastrera camaronera considerada a nivel mundial como uno de los problemas medioambientales más graves de la pesca comercial moderna, la que puede provocar afectaciones a la estructura y funcionamiento de los sistemas marinos y a sus poblaciones, a nivel de comunidades y de ecosistemas.
Las medidas de control y ordenamiento no se cumplen a cabalidad, especialmente por el desconocimiento de información básica (biológica, ecológica, distribución),
así como de series históricas de capturas y esfuerzo de elasmobranquios. Dichas deficiencias son resultado de la falta de interés por ser considerado al recurso como
de segundo orden.
En el presente trabajo se describen las distribuciones espaciales de tres especies de elasmobranquios Squatina armata, Mustellus sp., Heterodontus quoyi, Zapterix
exasperata, Raja velezi y Raja equatorialis, donde se identifican los sitios de mayor incidencia a su captura por la red de arrastre camaronera según las profundidades y
capturas totales expresadas en kilogramos. Adicionalmente, se revisa el estado de conocimiento de las especies mencionadas y se discute el limitado poder reproductivo de las especies para sostener una pesquería intensiva, sea esta incidental
o dirigida
For centuries , fishermen practiced sustainably shark fishing in coastal waters, and some still do. However, in recent decades modern technology , coupled with access to distant markets have caused an increase in fishing effort shark as well as an expansion of the areas where they fished. Until the mid eighties the sharks were considered as a relatively abundant resource in Ecuadorian waters .Really there is little information as to catch or estimation of their landings . In Ecuador operate industrial and artisanal fishing fleets , the first with the use of less invasive gear against elasmobranch bycatch , the latter represented by the shrimp trawl fleet regarded worldwide as one of the most serious environmental problems modern commercial fishing , which may cause damages to the structure and functioning of marine systems and their populations at the level of communities and ecosystems. The control and management measures are not met fully , especially by the lack of basic information ( biological, ecological , distribution) ,well as historical series elasmobranch catches and effort . These deficiencies are the result of a lack of interest in being considered to the resource as second order . In this paper we describe the spatial distributions of three species of elasmobranchs Squatina armata , Mustellus sp. , Heterodontus quoyi , Zapterix exasperata , Raja Raja equatorialis velezi and where sites are identified higher incidence of capture by shrimp trawl the depths and as total catch in kilograms . Additionally , we review the state of knowledge of the species mentioned and discussed the limited power of reproduction of the species to sustain an intensive fishery , is this incidental or targeted
For centuries , fishermen practiced sustainably shark fishing in coastal waters, and some still do. However, in recent decades modern technology , coupled with access to distant markets have caused an increase in fishing effort shark as well as an expansion of the areas where they fished. Until the mid eighties the sharks were considered as a relatively abundant resource in Ecuadorian waters .Really there is little information as to catch or estimation of their landings . In Ecuador operate industrial and artisanal fishing fleets , the first with the use of less invasive gear against elasmobranch bycatch , the latter represented by the shrimp trawl fleet regarded worldwide as one of the most serious environmental problems modern commercial fishing , which may cause damages to the structure and functioning of marine systems and their populations at the level of communities and ecosystems. The control and management measures are not met fully , especially by the lack of basic information ( biological, ecological , distribution) ,well as historical series elasmobranch catches and effort . These deficiencies are the result of a lack of interest in being considered to the resource as second order . In this paper we describe the spatial distributions of three species of elasmobranchs Squatina armata , Mustellus sp. , Heterodontus quoyi , Zapterix exasperata , Raja Raja equatorialis velezi and where sites are identified higher incidence of capture by shrimp trawl the depths and as total catch in kilograms . Additionally , we review the state of knowledge of the species mentioned and discussed the limited power of reproduction of the species to sustain an intensive fishery , is this incidental or targeted
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PESCA LITORAL, ANIMALES ACUÁTICOS, COSTAS