Identificación de tiburones juveniles y caracterización de sus hábitats en las zonas costeras de pesca de la isla San Cristóbal - Reserva Marina de Galápagos.
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2009
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En zonas costeras de la isla San Cristóbal en la Reserva Marina de Galápagos, se estudió la presencia de tiburones neonatos y juveniles del año en cinco sitios ubicados en Bahías con mangle: La Tortuga, Cerro Brujo (área de manglar), Puerto Grande, Manglecito en el lado Oeste; y Rosa Blanca por el lado Este, en todos estos sitios se efectúa la pesca artesanal de mugilidos (lisas) con el arte de pesca enmalle o trasmallo lisero, y el estudio se enfocó en evaluar si estos sitios sirven como áreas de crianza de tiburones de varias especies. Desde mayo hasta diciembre de 2008 se realizaron observaciones directas con snorkel para evidenciar presencia de tiburones, además de la fauna marina y especies de manglar existentes en la zona; mientras que en los meses de enero, febrero y abril de 2009, una vez que el PNG aprobó el uso de este arte, se realizaron seis salidas más, esta vez utilizando el arte de pesca trasmallo lisero con las dimensiones de 30 m x 4 m y 3 pulgadas de ojo de malla; utilizado para la captura de los tiburones objeto del estudio. Con los dos métodos se logró capturar y observar a 71 tiburones entre neonatos y juveniles del año de la especie Carcharhinus limbatus (52 capturados con trasmallo), 23 Triaenodon obesus juveniles y sub-adultos (todos observados con snorkel) y 01 Sphyrna lewini neonato (capturado con trasmallo). En La Tortuga, Puerto Grande y Manglecito se capturaron todos los C. limbatus; mientras que en Cerro Brujo (área de manglar) se observó T. obesus y en Rosa Blanca no se capturaron ejemplares pero se observaron C. limbatus recién nacidos y algunos T. obesus. El índice de riqueza específica de peces fue de 21 especies entre teleósteos y condrictios registrados en los cinco sitios, mientras fueron tres las especies de manglares observados: Rhizophora mangle (mangle rojo), Avicennia germinans (mangle negro) y Laguncularia racemosa (mangle blanco), siendo Rhizophora mangle el más abundante en los cinco sitios. La Tortuga, Puerto Grande y Manglecito mostraron tener características especiales de hábitat para ser ocupados como áreas de crianza primaria de C. limbatus. Se recomienda zonificar las zonas de manglar de la isla San Cristóbal, como subzonas 2.1 o zonas de protección; con el objetivo de que se protejan estos hábitats críticos para ciertas especies de tiburones.
In coastals areas of San Cristobal in the Galapagos Marine Reserve, we studied the presence of neonates and juvenile of the years sharks in five sites with mangrove Bays: La Tortuga, Cerro Brujo (mangrove area), Puerto Grande, on the west side Manglecito; White Rose and the east side, in all these sites are made of smooth fishing gear with gill nets or trammel nets, and the study sought to assess whether these sites serve as breeding areas for several species of sharks. From May to December 2008 were made for snorkeling observations reveal the presence of sharks, as well as marine life and mangrove species in the area, while in January, February and April when the PNG adopted Using this art, six more trips, this time using the trammel gear with dimensions of 30 m x 4 m x 3-inch mesh, used for catching sharks under study. With both methods are able to capture and observe sharks from 71 infants and juveniles of the year the species Carcharhinus limbatus (52 caught with trammel nets), 23 Trianodon obesus sub-adults and juveniles (all observed with snorkel) and 01 neonate Sphyrna lewini ( caught with trammel nets). La Tortuga, Puerto Grande and all were caught Manglecito C. limbatus, whereas Cerro Brujo (mangrove area) found T. obesus in White Rose, but no animals were captured were C. limbatus newborns and some T. obesus. The index of species richness of fish species was 21 teleosts and chondrichthyan in the five sites, while three species were observed in mangrove: Rhizophora mangle (red mangrove), Avicennia germinans (black mangrove) and Laguncularia racemosa (white mangrove), Rhizophora mangle is the most abundant in all five sites. La Tortuga, Puerto Grande and have special features Manglecito showed habitat areas to be occupied as a primary parenting C. limbatus. It is recommended zone mangrove areas of the island of San Cristobal, as subzone 2.1 or protection areas, in order to protect these critical habitats for certain species of sharks.
In coastals areas of San Cristobal in the Galapagos Marine Reserve, we studied the presence of neonates and juvenile of the years sharks in five sites with mangrove Bays: La Tortuga, Cerro Brujo (mangrove area), Puerto Grande, on the west side Manglecito; White Rose and the east side, in all these sites are made of smooth fishing gear with gill nets or trammel nets, and the study sought to assess whether these sites serve as breeding areas for several species of sharks. From May to December 2008 were made for snorkeling observations reveal the presence of sharks, as well as marine life and mangrove species in the area, while in January, February and April when the PNG adopted Using this art, six more trips, this time using the trammel gear with dimensions of 30 m x 4 m x 3-inch mesh, used for catching sharks under study. With both methods are able to capture and observe sharks from 71 infants and juveniles of the year the species Carcharhinus limbatus (52 caught with trammel nets), 23 Trianodon obesus sub-adults and juveniles (all observed with snorkel) and 01 neonate Sphyrna lewini ( caught with trammel nets). La Tortuga, Puerto Grande and all were caught Manglecito C. limbatus, whereas Cerro Brujo (mangrove area) found T. obesus in White Rose, but no animals were captured were C. limbatus newborns and some T. obesus. The index of species richness of fish species was 21 teleosts and chondrichthyan in the five sites, while three species were observed in mangrove: Rhizophora mangle (red mangrove), Avicennia germinans (black mangrove) and Laguncularia racemosa (white mangrove), Rhizophora mangle is the most abundant in all five sites. La Tortuga, Puerto Grande and have special features Manglecito showed habitat areas to be occupied as a primary parenting C. limbatus. It is recommended zone mangrove areas of the island of San Cristobal, as subzone 2.1 or protection areas, in order to protect these critical habitats for certain species of sharks.
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ÁREA DE CRIANZA, NEONATO JUVENIL DEL AÑO, PESCA ARTESAMAL, RED TRASMALLO LISERO