Factores de riesgo asociados a mortalidad por trauma abdominal en el Hospital Guayaquil Dr. Abel Gilbert Pontón agosto 2014-octubre 2016
Fecha
2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
En el Hospital Guayaquil “Abel Gilbert Pontón” se realiza investigación de tipo
transversal, analítica, con una muestra de 115 casos de pacientes que cumplieron con los
requisitos para ser ingresados en el estudio, de los cuales 27 fallecieron, se obtiene que el
78,3% de los traumas abdominales se presentan en pacientes cuya edad es > 45 años; el sexo
es predominantemente Masculino representando el 90,4%, siendo la edad promedio de los
pacientes 33,8 años. El tipo de trauma que predomina es el Trauma penetrante del 84%; los
accidentes de tránsito en el 18,2%, los vehículos motorizados representan el 95,2%, las
armas cortopunzantes provocaron el 37,4% de las lesiones. En nuestro estudio al asociar las
variables de vacío terapéutico, vacío quirúrgico, los scores NISS, RTS y TRISS con
mortalidad, los resultados que obtenemos son los siguientes: el 51,4% en el vacío terapéutico
> 2 horas, con la escala NISS los resultados son del 100% en pacientes con NISS > 25;
aplicando la escala RTS el 74,1% de muerte en pacientes con >6. La escala TRISS nos
muestra que se presentó la muerte en el 77,8% en pacientes con >50%. Al asociar las
características adicionales que estudiamos con la mortalidad en nuestra investigación
resumimos que el 88,9% de los pacientes fallecidos requirieron Transfusiones sanguíneas y
en la revisión de las Historias clínicas no se pudo evidenciar la referencia de lesiones
olvidadas; los días de Hospitalización de los pacientes fallecidos > 48 horas 69,2%; el 18,5%
de los pacientes presentaron complicaciones Asociadas.
In the Hospital Guayaquil "Abel Gilbert Pontón" and it executes an investigation, analytical of transverse type, with a sample of 115 patients' cases that expired with the requirements to be deposited in the study, of which 27 died, there is obtained that 78,3 % of the abdominal traumas appears in patients whose age is> 45 years; the gender is predominantly masculine representing 90,4 %, being the average age of the patients 33,8 years The type of trauma that prevails is the penetrating trauma of 84 %; the accidents of traffic in 18,2 %, the motorized vehicles represent 95,2 %, sharpening guns provoked 37,4 % of the injuries. In our study on having associated the variables of therapeutic emptiness, surgical emptiness, the scores NISS, RTS and TRISS with mortality, the results that we obtain are the following ones: 51,4 % in the therapeutic emptiness> 2 hours, with the scale NISS the results are 100 % in patients with NISS> 25; applying the scale RTS 74,1 % of death in patients with> 6. The scale TRISS shows us that one presented the death in 77,8 % in patients with> 50 %. On having associated the additional characteristics that we study with the mortality in our investigation we summarize that 88, 9 % of the deceased patients needed blood transfusions and in the review of the clinical Histories it was not possible to demonstrate the reference of forgotten injuries; the days of hospitalization of the deceased patients> 48 hours 69,2 %; 18,5 % of the patients presented Associate complications.
In the Hospital Guayaquil "Abel Gilbert Pontón" and it executes an investigation, analytical of transverse type, with a sample of 115 patients' cases that expired with the requirements to be deposited in the study, of which 27 died, there is obtained that 78,3 % of the abdominal traumas appears in patients whose age is> 45 years; the gender is predominantly masculine representing 90,4 %, being the average age of the patients 33,8 years The type of trauma that prevails is the penetrating trauma of 84 %; the accidents of traffic in 18,2 %, the motorized vehicles represent 95,2 %, sharpening guns provoked 37,4 % of the injuries. In our study on having associated the variables of therapeutic emptiness, surgical emptiness, the scores NISS, RTS and TRISS with mortality, the results that we obtain are the following ones: 51,4 % in the therapeutic emptiness> 2 hours, with the scale NISS the results are 100 % in patients with NISS> 25; applying the scale RTS 74,1 % of death in patients with> 6. The scale TRISS shows us that one presented the death in 77,8 % in patients with> 50 %. On having associated the additional characteristics that we study with the mortality in our investigation we summarize that 88, 9 % of the deceased patients needed blood transfusions and in the review of the clinical Histories it was not possible to demonstrate the reference of forgotten injuries; the days of hospitalization of the deceased patients> 48 hours 69,2 %; 18,5 % of the patients presented Associate complications.
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Trauma abdominal, Mortalidad, Epidemiología analítica, Hospital de Especialidades Guayaquil Dr. Abel Gilbert Pontón, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador