LOS ADOLESCENTES Y LAS CREENCIAS IRRACIONALES RELACIONADAS AL CONSUMO DE SUSTANCIAS PSICOACTIVAS EN LA UNIDAD EDUCATIVA FISCAL “AGUIRRE ABAD
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2017-10
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Universidad de Guayaquil Facultad de Ciencias Psicológicas
Resumen
La presente investigación consistió en determinar las creencias irracionales en relación a las drogas en adolescentes consumidores y no consumidores de sustancias psicoactivas entre 14 a 17 años en la “Unidad Educativa Fiscal Aguirre Abad”, mediante la identificación de los tipos de creencias irracionales de los adolescentes estudiados, la caracterización de las situaciones de consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en los adolescentes, y la comparación de aquellas creencias irracionales relacionadas al consumo entre los adolescentes consumidores y no consumidores de sustancias psicoactivas. En cuanto a las bases teóricas, se sustentó mediante un enfoque cognitivo-conductual con autores que aportaron hacia las conceptualizaciones y retomando diferentes aportaciones sobre la temática planteada. La metodología empleada fue cuantitativa de tipo descriptiva, y una muestra probabilística de 248 adolescentes consumidores y no consumidores de sustancias psicoactivas, utilizando cuestionarios para la recolección de datos. Los resultados obtenidos presentaron que los consumidores de sustancias psicoactivas presentan más irracionalidad en relación al consumo, demostrando tipos de creencias irracionales según indicadores de aprobación social, obtención de placer, sociabilidad, peligrosidad otorgada según la atribución conceptual y subestimación de los efectos, autoengaño y autojustificación. En cuanto a términos de consumo, más hombres resultaron consumir sustancias psicoactivas, siendo el alcohol la sustancia más consumida, seguido por el tabaco, marihuana, “H” y cocaína, se presentó además otras sustancias consumidas como éxtasis, pastillas, maduro, LSD, heroína y hongos
The present investigation consisted in determining the irrational beliefs related drugs in adolescents consumers and non consumers of psychoactive substances between 14 and 17 years in the Fiscal Educational "Aguirre Abad Unit" school, by identifying the types of irrational beliefs of adolescents, the characterization of situations of consumption of psychoactive substances in adolescents, and the comparison of those irrational beliefs related to consumption among adolescents consumers and non consumption of psychoactive substances. As for the theoretical bases, it was supported by a cognitive-behavioral approach with authors who contributed to the conceptualizations and returning different contributions on the subject matter. The methodology used was quantitative, descriptive type, and a probabilistic sample of 248 adolescents’ consumers and not consumers of psychoactive substances, using questionnaires for the collection of data. The results showed that consumers of psychoactive substances present more irrationality in relation to consumption, showing irrational types of beliefs according to indicators of social approval, pleasure, sociability, danger given according to conceptual attribution and underestimation of effects, self-deception and self-justification. As for terms of consumption, more men consumed psychoactive substances, being alcohol the substance most consumed, followed by tobacco, marijuana, "H" and cocaine, other substances were also consumed as ecstasy, pills, “maduro”, LSD, heroin and “hongos
The present investigation consisted in determining the irrational beliefs related drugs in adolescents consumers and non consumers of psychoactive substances between 14 and 17 years in the Fiscal Educational "Aguirre Abad Unit" school, by identifying the types of irrational beliefs of adolescents, the characterization of situations of consumption of psychoactive substances in adolescents, and the comparison of those irrational beliefs related to consumption among adolescents consumers and non consumption of psychoactive substances. As for the theoretical bases, it was supported by a cognitive-behavioral approach with authors who contributed to the conceptualizations and returning different contributions on the subject matter. The methodology used was quantitative, descriptive type, and a probabilistic sample of 248 adolescents’ consumers and not consumers of psychoactive substances, using questionnaires for the collection of data. The results showed that consumers of psychoactive substances present more irrationality in relation to consumption, showing irrational types of beliefs according to indicators of social approval, pleasure, sociability, danger given according to conceptual attribution and underestimation of effects, self-deception and self-justification. As for terms of consumption, more men consumed psychoactive substances, being alcohol the substance most consumed, followed by tobacco, marijuana, "H" and cocaine, other substances were also consumed as ecstasy, pills, “maduro”, LSD, heroin and “hongos
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Creencias irracionales, creencias racionales, sustancias psicoactivas