Técnicas de rehabilitación en pacientes con disfonía, estudio realizado en Consulta Externa del Hospital Pediátrico Roberto Gilbert Elizalde
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2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Tecnología Médica
Resumen
Una de las patologías más frecuentes en la población infantil es la disfonía. Esta se trata de la alteración de una o varias características acústicas de la voz o de sus parámetros para la producción vocal; ésta se vuelve crónica cuando los síntomas pasan desapercibidos por los padres y no son llevados a tiempo al foniatra, el cual brinda un diagnóstico y los deriva al terapista de lenguaje para el tratamiento adecuado. El presente trabajo explica las diferentes técnicas de rehabilitación aplicadas durante la intervención, en el cual se trabajaron técnicas como: discriminación auditiva, relajación, respiración, preparación vocal y trabajo vocal. Para una rehabilitación satisfactoria es necesario el apoyo de los padres para que realicen en casa los ejercicios practicados durante las sesiones. Es una investigación de campo porque se tiene como objetivo describir el trabajo experimental aplicando las técnicas de rehabilitación en la disfonía con pacientes que asisten al Hospital Pediátrico “Roberto Gilbert Elizalde” para mejorar la calidad estética de la voz. La investigación es longitudinal porque analiza la rehabilitación de la disfonía a través de un período de tiempo; atiende la evolución de la situación actual; es de corte transversal ya que hace un corte de tiempo para analizar el fenómeno y analiza los factores intervinientes en la situación de un momento dado. Se realizaron entrevistas a los terapistas de lenguaje que laboran en la institución y encuestas a representantes de los pacientes objeto de estudio, de los cuales se tomó una muestra mediante los criterios de inclusión como pacientes con voz áspera, ronca o soplada, con voz disfónica constante y que presentan alteraciones en sus cuerdas vocales; a su vez los criterios de exclusión dentro de los cuales están pacientes que atraviesan por proceso gripal, con patologías asociadas y los que no han sido evaluados por foniatría
One of the most common diseases in children is hoarseness. This alteration is one or more acoustic or voice parameters for vocal production characteristics; it becomes chronic when the symptoms go unnoticed by parents and are not taken in time to foniatra, which provides a diagnosis and drift speech therapist for treatment. This paper explains the different rehabilitation techniques applied during surgery, in which techniques worked as auditory discrimination, relaxation, breathing, vocal and vocal preparation work. For successful rehabilitation is necessary parental support at home to perform the exercises practiced during the sessions. It is a field research because it aims to describe the experimental work using rehabilitation techniques with dysphonia patients attending the Pediatric Hospital "Roberto Gilbert Elizalde" to improve the aesthetic quality of the voice. Research is longitudinal because it analyzes the rehabilitation of dysphonia through a period of time; attends the evolution of the current situation; It is cross-sectional and makes a cut time to analyze the phenomenon and analyzes the factors involved in the situation in a given time. the speech therapists who work in the institution and surveys representatives of patients under study, from which a sample was taken by the inclusion criteria as patients with rough, hoarse or breathy voice, with dysphonic voice steady interviews were conducted and they have alterations in their vocal cords; turn the exclusion criteria within which are patients who are experiencing flu-like process, with associated pathologies and that have not been evaluated by speech therapy
One of the most common diseases in children is hoarseness. This alteration is one or more acoustic or voice parameters for vocal production characteristics; it becomes chronic when the symptoms go unnoticed by parents and are not taken in time to foniatra, which provides a diagnosis and drift speech therapist for treatment. This paper explains the different rehabilitation techniques applied during surgery, in which techniques worked as auditory discrimination, relaxation, breathing, vocal and vocal preparation work. For successful rehabilitation is necessary parental support at home to perform the exercises practiced during the sessions. It is a field research because it aims to describe the experimental work using rehabilitation techniques with dysphonia patients attending the Pediatric Hospital "Roberto Gilbert Elizalde" to improve the aesthetic quality of the voice. Research is longitudinal because it analyzes the rehabilitation of dysphonia through a period of time; attends the evolution of the current situation; It is cross-sectional and makes a cut time to analyze the phenomenon and analyzes the factors involved in the situation in a given time. the speech therapists who work in the institution and surveys representatives of patients under study, from which a sample was taken by the inclusion criteria as patients with rough, hoarse or breathy voice, with dysphonic voice steady interviews were conducted and they have alterations in their vocal cords; turn the exclusion criteria within which are patients who are experiencing flu-like process, with associated pathologies and that have not been evaluated by speech therapy
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Disfonía, Pediatría, Rehabilitación de los trastornos del habla y del lenguaje, Consulta externa hospitalaria, Hospital de Niños Dr. Roberto Gilbert Elizalde, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador