Detección de secuelas neurológicas en pacientes de 2 años de edad con antecedentes de bajo peso al nacer Hospital León Becerra 2009 - 2011
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2014
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
Según la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), el bajo peso al nacer (BPN) se da cuando un niño pesa menos de 2,500 g al nacer. Las estadísticas internacionales muestran que el 90% de los recién nacidos en esta condición son de países en vías de desarrollo, con una mortalidad neonatal para América Latina 35 veces más elevada que los que presentan un peso normal, esto puede llevar a presentar secuelas en su desarrollo integral. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo: determinar las diferencias en el desarrollo psicomotriz y neurológico de los niños con antecedentes de bajo peso al nacer y los normopesos en el Hospital de niños “León Becerra” 2009 - 2011, además se identificarán sus principales características clínicas y epidemiológicas, por medio de la evaluación de variables antropométricas y del crecimiento psicomotor y neurológico identificando factores de riesgo de secuelas patológicas relacionadas a la problemática. Se trata de un estudio de tipo observacional, analítico, con un diseño no experimental (Estudio de caso controles), longitudinal - retrospectivo donde se compararán dos grupos de pacientes de dos años de edad atendidos con antecedentes de bajo peso al nacer y los de peso normal. – Entre los resultados más importantes se ha podido establecer que no ha existido relación entre el antecedente de bajo peso al nacer y el peso actual de los pacientes, con valores de IMC para bajo peso en el 21,70% (Antecedente de bajo peso al nacer) y 25,20% (p=0.604), mientras que existe un riesgo de presentar secuelas neurológicas en los pacientes que tuvieron un antecedente de bajo peso al nacer de 19.91 veces frente a los que tuvieron un peso normal al momento del nacimiento (IC = 4,97 - 33,54, p<0.001), por lo que se concluye que es necesario centrar la atención en pacientes que nacen con bajo peso, especialmente considerando factores que pueden ser modificados.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), low birth weight (LBW) is when a child weighs less than 2,500 g at birth. International statistics show that 90 % of infants in this condition are from developing countries, with a neonatal mortality for Latin America 35 times higher than those with normal weight, this can lead to consequences in its present integral development. This research aims : To determine differences in neurological and psychomotor development of children with a history of low birth weight and normal weight children in the Hospital " León Becerra " 2009 - 2011 , further identify its main clinical and epidemiological characteristics , by assessing psychomotor anthropometric variables and neurological growth and risk factors identifying pathological sequelae related to the problem . This is an observational, analytical type, with a non- experimental design (case control study ) , longitudinal - retrospective where two groups of patients two years of age, admitted with a history of low birth weight and weight compared Normal . - Among the most important results has been established that there has been no relationship between a history of low birth weight and current weight of patients with BMI values for underweight 21.70% ( History of low birthweight birth) and 25.20% (p = 0.604 ), whereas there is a risk of neurological sequelae in patients who had a history of low birth weight of 19.91 times compared to those who had a normal weight at birth ( CI = 4.97 to 33.54 , p < 0.001 ) , so we conclude that it is necessary to focus on patients with low birth weight , especially considering factors that can be modified.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), low birth weight (LBW) is when a child weighs less than 2,500 g at birth. International statistics show that 90 % of infants in this condition are from developing countries, with a neonatal mortality for Latin America 35 times higher than those with normal weight, this can lead to consequences in its present integral development. This research aims : To determine differences in neurological and psychomotor development of children with a history of low birth weight and normal weight children in the Hospital " León Becerra " 2009 - 2011 , further identify its main clinical and epidemiological characteristics , by assessing psychomotor anthropometric variables and neurological growth and risk factors identifying pathological sequelae related to the problem . This is an observational, analytical type, with a non- experimental design (case control study ) , longitudinal - retrospective where two groups of patients two years of age, admitted with a history of low birth weight and weight compared Normal . - Among the most important results has been established that there has been no relationship between a history of low birth weight and current weight of patients with BMI values for underweight 21.70% ( History of low birthweight birth) and 25.20% (p = 0.604 ), whereas there is a risk of neurological sequelae in patients who had a history of low birth weight of 19.91 times compared to those who had a normal weight at birth ( CI = 4.97 to 33.54 , p < 0.001 ) , so we conclude that it is necessary to focus on patients with low birth weight , especially considering factors that can be modified.
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Bajo peso al nacer, Psicomotricidad, Desarrollo neurológico, Epidemiología analítica, Estudios prospectivos, Hospital de Niños León Becerra, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador