Indice de masa corporal en niños de 1 a 5 años de edad en el Centro de Salud # 3 año 2016
Fecha
2017
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Medicina
Resumen
La obesidad y desnutrición infantil generan problemas de salud tanto en la infancia como en la edad adulta. La evaluación del estado nutricional es la base de un adecuado control del niño, por lo que se necesita de métodos rápidos y sencillos para logarlos, como el cálculo del índice de masa corporal. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar los índices de desnutrición y obesidad de acuerdo al IMC de los niños menores de 5 años en el Centro de salud #3 del programa de Salud Escolar y ¨Creciendo con nuestros hijos¨ en el año 2016. El presente estudio es de tipo descriptivo, de diseño no experimental, transversal y retrospectivo, que analizó 2.025 registros médicos de niños entre 1 y 5 años de edad pertenecientes al centro médico # 3 de Guayaquil en el periodo del 1 de enero hasta el 31 de diciembre del 2016. Entre los resultados de estudio, se observó que la mayor proporción de pacientes se presentó en el segundo semestre del 2016, especialmente en los meses de octubre (11%), noviembre (13%) y diciembre (12%), el sexo femenino y los lactantes mayores fueron el grupo etario más frecuente y el grupo más susceptible a presentar problemas en la salud. A través del IMC se encontró solo un 4% (80) de niños con alteraciones nutricionales. La puntuación z de la OMS, demostró que la mayor parte de los niños evaluados tienen un estado nutricional normal. Pero se encontró una minoría con desnutrición ( - 2 DS% y – 3 DS%) y un grupo pequeño pero importante de niños con obesidad ( + 2 DS% y + 3 DS%), además de 5 niños con riesgo de sobrepeso. Los principales motivos de consulta de los niños con obesidad o sobrepeso fueron las deformidades rotacionales de las extremidades inferiores (83%) y el Genu varo (71%) o valgo (62%). Los principales motivos de consulta de los niños con desnutrición fueron las enfermedades diarreicas (96%) y las infecciones respiratorias (68%). Se concluye que el IMC apoyado con las escalas validadas de la OMS permiten estimar en forma sencilla el estado nutricional de los niños.
Obesity and child malnutrition generate health problems both in childhood and in adulthood. The evaluation of the nutritional status is the basis of an adequate control of the child, so that it is necessary of fast and simple methods to log them, like the calculation of the body mass index. The objective of the study was to determine the indexes of malnutrition and obesity according to the BMI of children under 5 at the Health Center # 3 of the School Health Program and "Crecimiento con nuestro hijos" in the year 2016. The present study Is descriptive, non-experimental, cross-sectional and retrospective, which analyzed 2,025 medical records of children between 1 and 5 years of age belonging to Guayaquil Medical Center # 3 in the period from January 1 to December 31, 2016 (11%), November (13%), and December (12%), the female sex was found to be among the highest in the second half of 2016 And older infants were the most frequent age group and the most susceptible group to present health problems. Through BMI, only 4% (80) of children with nutritional alterations were found. The WHO z score showed that most of the children evaluated had a normal nutritional status. But a minority with undernutrition (- 2 DS% and - 3 DS%) and a small but important group of children with obesity (+ 2 DS% and + 3 DS%) were found, in addition to 5 children at risk of overweight. The main reasons for consulting children with obesity or overweight were rotational deformities of the lower extremities (83%) and Genu varus (71%) or valgus (62%). The main reasons for consulting children with malnutrition were diarrheal diseases (96%) and respiratory infections (68%). It is concluded that the BMI supported by the validated WHO scales allows a simple estimation of the nutritional status of children.
Obesity and child malnutrition generate health problems both in childhood and in adulthood. The evaluation of the nutritional status is the basis of an adequate control of the child, so that it is necessary of fast and simple methods to log them, like the calculation of the body mass index. The objective of the study was to determine the indexes of malnutrition and obesity according to the BMI of children under 5 at the Health Center # 3 of the School Health Program and "Crecimiento con nuestro hijos" in the year 2016. The present study Is descriptive, non-experimental, cross-sectional and retrospective, which analyzed 2,025 medical records of children between 1 and 5 years of age belonging to Guayaquil Medical Center # 3 in the period from January 1 to December 31, 2016 (11%), November (13%), and December (12%), the female sex was found to be among the highest in the second half of 2016 And older infants were the most frequent age group and the most susceptible group to present health problems. Through BMI, only 4% (80) of children with nutritional alterations were found. The WHO z score showed that most of the children evaluated had a normal nutritional status. But a minority with undernutrition (- 2 DS% and - 3 DS%) and a small but important group of children with obesity (+ 2 DS% and + 3 DS%) were found, in addition to 5 children at risk of overweight. The main reasons for consulting children with obesity or overweight were rotational deformities of the lower extremities (83%) and Genu varus (71%) or valgus (62%). The main reasons for consulting children with malnutrition were diarrheal diseases (96%) and respiratory infections (68%). It is concluded that the BMI supported by the validated WHO scales allows a simple estimation of the nutritional status of children.
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INDICE DE MASA CORPORAL, PEDIATRIA, OBESIDAD, TRASTORNOS DE LA NUTRICION DEL NIÑO, EPIDEMIOLOGIA DESCRIPTIVA, ESTUDIOS RETROSPECTIVOS, CENTRO DE SALUD NO. 3, CANTON GUAYAQUIL, ECUADOR