Factores epidemiológicos incidentes en enfermedad por Zika en mujeres de la ciudad de Guayaquil
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2017
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
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Antecedentes: El virus del Zika es un flavivirus que se origina en los mosquitos y que es transmitido, principalmente, por los Aedes aegypti Aproximadamente el 80% de las personas infectadas no presentan síntomas, siendo necesario caracterizar epidemiológicamente. Objetivo: Determinar los factores epidemiológicos que inciden en la enfermedad por Zika en mujeres de la ciudad de Guayaquil. Metodología: fue de diseño No experimental, descriptivo, analítica de corte transversal en la población de mujeres durante el año 2016. Resultados: El grupo etario mayormente afectado fue de 20 a 49 años con 63,64%. En cuanto a si estaban embarazadas se tuvo el 15,15% y mayormente los casos fueron entre la 8 a 12 semanas de gestación. El resultado de laboratorio positivo el 93,94% de los casos, y su diagnóstico final de confirmación se lo hizo por laboratorio y por nexo epidemiológico del 6,06%. En referencia al conocimiento de la enfermedad manifestaron que conocían el 21,21% y al asociar la embarazada y conocimiento de la enfermedad se probó que no hubo un cambio estadísticamente significante en el conocimiento sobre la enfermedad y que esto se debe al simple azar; tanto para las que están o no embarazadas. Conclusiones: existe la presencia de la enfermedad del Zika dispersándose en sectores de Guayaquil, con escasa presentación en mujeres en estado gestacional del 20 a 49 años, y se han presentado en forma esporádica durante el tiempo de estudio; destacando que la población no tiene suficiente conocimiento e información sobre la enfermedad y sus consecuencias
Background: The Zika virus is a flavivirus that originates in mosquitoes and is mainly transmitted by Aedes aegypti approximately 80% of infected people do not present symptoms and it is necessary to characterize epidemiologically. Objective: To determine the epidemiological factors that influence Zika's disease in women in the city of Guayaquil. Methodology: It was nonexperimental, descriptive, cross-sectional analytic in the female population during the year 2016. Results: The most affected age group was 20 to 49 years old with 63.64%. As for if they were pregnant had 15.15% and most cases were between 8 to 12 weeks of gestation. The positive laboratory result was 93.94% of the cases, and the final diagnosis of confirmation was made by laboratory and by an epidemiological link of 6,06%. In reference to the knowledge of the disease they stated that they knew 21,21% and when associating the pregnant woman and knowledge of the disease it was proved that there was no statistically significant change in the knowledge about the disease and that this is due to simple chance; both for those who are pregnant or not. Conclusions: the presence of Zika disease is dispersed in sectors of Guayaquil, with a low rate of presentation in women in the gestational state of 20 to 49 years of age, and they have presented sporadically during the study period; noting that the population does not have sufficient knowledge and information about the disease and its consequences.
Background: The Zika virus is a flavivirus that originates in mosquitoes and is mainly transmitted by Aedes aegypti approximately 80% of infected people do not present symptoms and it is necessary to characterize epidemiologically. Objective: To determine the epidemiological factors that influence Zika's disease in women in the city of Guayaquil. Methodology: It was nonexperimental, descriptive, cross-sectional analytic in the female population during the year 2016. Results: The most affected age group was 20 to 49 years old with 63.64%. As for if they were pregnant had 15.15% and most cases were between 8 to 12 weeks of gestation. The positive laboratory result was 93.94% of the cases, and the final diagnosis of confirmation was made by laboratory and by an epidemiological link of 6,06%. In reference to the knowledge of the disease they stated that they knew 21,21% and when associating the pregnant woman and knowledge of the disease it was proved that there was no statistically significant change in the knowledge about the disease and that this is due to simple chance; both for those who are pregnant or not. Conclusions: the presence of Zika disease is dispersed in sectors of Guayaquil, with a low rate of presentation in women in the gestational state of 20 to 49 years of age, and they have presented sporadically during the study period; noting that the population does not have sufficient knowledge and information about the disease and its consequences.
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Infección por el virus Zika, Mujeres, Epidemiología analítica, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador, Factores epidemiológicos