Abordaje odontológico en pacientes geriátricos con discapacidad múltiple
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2022-04
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad Piloto de Odontología
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La discapacidad múltiple se define como la asistencia de dos o más discapacidades, ya sea: física, sensorial, intelectual, visceral, lenguaje o psicosocial, originando deficiencias, limitaciones y restricciones funcionales y estructurales. En un paciente geriátrico la discapacidad múltiple está dada por el propio envejecimiento poblacional, pues las personas adultas mayores tienen gran predisposición a generar discapacidades, debido al crecimiento global de enfermedades. La poca o nula formación académica hace que se vuelva aún más crítico el estado de salud del paciente. OBJETIVO: proponer estrategias de manejo odontológico para pacientes geriátricos con discapacidades viscerales y psicosociales. METODOLOGÍA: investigación de diseño cualitativo, tipo exploratorio, descriptivo, explicativo, documental, longitudinal- retrospectivo, sincrónico, transversal, inductivo – deductivo, analítico – sintético, técnica observación indirecta con análisis de revisión bibliográfica, mediante artículos científicos y libros, instrumento ficha de recolección de datos. RESULTADOS: no todos los odontólogos recibieron formación para la atención clínica de personas con
discapacidad, y, de estos, una mayoría representativa no los sabe manejar. Sobre la infraestructura, se identificó que esta cumple parcialmente con la normatividad y que la mayoría de los profesionales se sienten medianamente preparados para llevar a cabo esta atención, por lo que el 67,3% (99) afirmó atender esta población con sus protocolos clínicos habituales, pero, el 83,7% (123) manifestó brindar la atención solo en casos de urgencia odontológica. CONCLUSIONES: se determinó que existe una escasa formación académica para la atención de este grupo etario y que la implementación de estrategias de manejo es indispensable para proporcionar una atención de calidad.
Multiple disability is defined as the presence of two or more disabilities, whether physical, sensory, intellectual, visceral, language or psychosocial, causing impairments, limitations and functional and structural restrictions. In a geriatric patient, multiple disabilities are caused by the ageing of the population itself, as older adults have a great predisposition to generate disabilities, due to the global growth of illnesses. Little or no academic training makes the patient's state of health even more critical. OBJECTIVE: to propose dental management strategies for geriatric patients with visceral and psychosocial disabilities. METHODOLOGY: qualitative research design, exploratory, descriptive, explanatory, documentary, longitudinal-retrospective, synchronic, transversal, inductive-deductive, analytical-synthetic, indirect observation technique with analysis of bibliographical review, using scientific articles and books, data collection form instrument. RESULTS: Not all dentists were trained in the clinical care of people with disabilities and, of these, a representative majority do not know how to use them. Regarding the infrastructure, it was identified that it partially complies with the regulations and that most of the professionals feel moderately prepared to carry out this care, so that 67.3% (99) stated that they attend this population with their usual clinical protocols, but 83.7% (123) stated that they only provide care in cases of dental emergencies. CONCLUSIONS: It was determined that there is little academic training in the care of this age group and that the implementation of management strategies is essential to provide quality care.
Multiple disability is defined as the presence of two or more disabilities, whether physical, sensory, intellectual, visceral, language or psychosocial, causing impairments, limitations and functional and structural restrictions. In a geriatric patient, multiple disabilities are caused by the ageing of the population itself, as older adults have a great predisposition to generate disabilities, due to the global growth of illnesses. Little or no academic training makes the patient's state of health even more critical. OBJECTIVE: to propose dental management strategies for geriatric patients with visceral and psychosocial disabilities. METHODOLOGY: qualitative research design, exploratory, descriptive, explanatory, documentary, longitudinal-retrospective, synchronic, transversal, inductive-deductive, analytical-synthetic, indirect observation technique with analysis of bibliographical review, using scientific articles and books, data collection form instrument. RESULTS: Not all dentists were trained in the clinical care of people with disabilities and, of these, a representative majority do not know how to use them. Regarding the infrastructure, it was identified that it partially complies with the regulations and that most of the professionals feel moderately prepared to carry out this care, so that 67.3% (99) stated that they attend this population with their usual clinical protocols, but 83.7% (123) stated that they only provide care in cases of dental emergencies. CONCLUSIONS: It was determined that there is little academic training in the care of this age group and that the implementation of management strategies is essential to provide quality care.
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ODONTOLOGIA GERIATRICA, TRATAMIENTO ODONTOLOGICO, ADULTO MAYOR