Correlación demográfica-etaria-clínica de las intoxicaciones agudas en la Emergencia, Hospital Francisco de Icaza Bustamante 2015 -2016
Fecha
2018
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
Las intoxicaciones agudas en la edad pediátrica siguen siendo un importante
problema de salud pública y representa una causa frecuente de ingreso en unidades de
emergencia. Los principales factores de riesgo de intoxicación aguda cambian con el
tiempo según la edad y difieren de un país a otro. El objetivo fue establecer la correlación
demográfica-etaria y clínica de las intoxicaciones agudas. La metodología utilizada fue
tipo analítica, retrospectiva y transversal, conformado por 90 pacientes pediátricos con
intoxicación aguda que fueron comparados con un grupo de pacientes ingresados por
diagnóstico diferente al de intoxicación en la Emergencia del Hospital Francisco de Icaza
Bustamante en el periodo 2015-2016. Se utilizó el software estadístico SPSS versión 21,
estadística descriptiva e inferencial para representar los resultados. Se encontró que el
grupo de preescolares (61%) fue el de mayor frecuencia, especialmente el sexo masculino
con el 64,40% (69), de zonas urbanas (48,90%) y Urbano-marginales (46,70%) de la
provincia del Guayas (98,90%). La edad tanto de la madre (43,30%) y de la persona
encargada del cuidado (52,20%) de los infantes correspondía en la mayoría de
adolescentes. La escolaridad de los padres fue de secundaria en el 91,10% (82) y de
primaria en el 3,30% (3). Los tóxicos del hogar fueron los más frecuentes con el 91,10%
(82), mientras que los de tipo farmacológico solo representaron el 8,90% (8). El principal
factor de exposición fue el descuido (91,10%) por parte de los padres o de la persona
encargada al cuidado de los pacientes y la baja escolaridad de los padres (5,60%).
Acute poisonings in the pediatric age remain a major public health problem and represent a frequent cause of admission to emergency units. The main risk factors for acute poisoning change over time according to age and differ from one country to another. The objective was to establish the demographic-age and clinical correlation of acute intoxications. The methodology used was analytical, retrospective and cross-sectional, consisting of 90 pediatric patients with acute intoxication that were compared with a group of patients admitted for a diagnosis other than intoxication at the Francisco de Icaza Bustamante Hospital Emergency in the 2015-2016 period. Statistical software SPSS version 21, descriptive and inferential statistics was used to represent the results. It was found that the group of preschoolers (61%) was the most frequent, especially the male sex with 64.40% (69), urban (48.90%) and urban-marginal (46.70%). of the province of Guayas (98.90%). The age of both the mother (43.30%) and the person in charge (52.20%) of the infants corresponded in the majority of adolescents. The schooling of the parents was secondary school in 91.10% (82) and primary school in 3.30% (3). Household toxicants were the most frequent with 91.10% (82), while those of pharmacological type only represented 8.90% (8). The main factor of exposure was the carelessness (91.10%) on the part of the parents or the person in charge of the care of the patients and the low schooling of the parents (5.60%).
Acute poisonings in the pediatric age remain a major public health problem and represent a frequent cause of admission to emergency units. The main risk factors for acute poisoning change over time according to age and differ from one country to another. The objective was to establish the demographic-age and clinical correlation of acute intoxications. The methodology used was analytical, retrospective and cross-sectional, consisting of 90 pediatric patients with acute intoxication that were compared with a group of patients admitted for a diagnosis other than intoxication at the Francisco de Icaza Bustamante Hospital Emergency in the 2015-2016 period. Statistical software SPSS version 21, descriptive and inferential statistics was used to represent the results. It was found that the group of preschoolers (61%) was the most frequent, especially the male sex with 64.40% (69), urban (48.90%) and urban-marginal (46.70%). of the province of Guayas (98.90%). The age of both the mother (43.30%) and the person in charge (52.20%) of the infants corresponded in the majority of adolescents. The schooling of the parents was secondary school in 91.10% (82) and primary school in 3.30% (3). Household toxicants were the most frequent with 91.10% (82), while those of pharmacological type only represented 8.90% (8). The main factor of exposure was the carelessness (91.10%) on the part of the parents or the person in charge of the care of the patients and the low schooling of the parents (5.60%).
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Palabras clave
Intoxicaciones, Demografía, Estudios retrospectivos, Epidemiología descriptiva, Mortalidad, Hospital del Niño Francisco de Icaza Bustamante, Complicaciones, Cantón Guayaquil, Pediatría, Ecuador