Impacto de las variaciones de los precios del petróleo y la inversión extranjera directa en el sector petrolero sobre el crecimiento económico en Ecuador durante el período 2013-2022
Fecha
2023-12
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Universidad de Guayaquil: Facultad de Ciencias Económicas
Resumen
A partir de la década de 1970 el petróleo en el Ecuador se constituyó en el principal bien de exportación. La experiencia petrolera en el país, tras más de 50 años de recorrido evidencia la especialización de la economía nacional en el bien primario. A más, de ser una importante fuente de ingreso por las exportaciones de crudo; el petróleo, es uno de los factores que ha permitido la atracción de capitales extranjeros para diferentes sectores productivos. El presente estudio, tiene el objetivo de valorar la incidencia de los precios del petróleo y de la inversión extranjera directa en el crecimiento económico del Ecuador durante el periodo 2013-2022. El enfoque de la investigación es cuantitativo, el método de análisis es hipotético – deductivo, con una profundidad de estudio descriptivo – explicativo. Los principales resultados facilitaron la conclusión de que el precio del crudo es altamente inestable como consecuencia de los desequilibrios entre oferta y demanda petrolera en los mercados internacionales. La participación de la IED en la economía ecuatoriana es baja; aunque ayude a generar plazas de empleo, en el corto plazo no tiene mayor incidencia. El modelo econométrico proporcionó argumentos para afirmar que sólo el precio del crudo estuvo relacionado con el crecimiento económico durante el período 2013 - 2022; por lo que, la actividad petrolera es la más importante. Aunque, no fue un factor determinante debido al desarrollo de otras actividades productivas en el Ecuador.
Starting in the 1970s, oil in Ecuador became the main export good. The oil experience in the country, after more than 50 years of journey shows the specialization of the national economy in the primary good. In addition to being an important source of income from crude oil exports; he oil, is one of the factors that has allowed the attraction of capital foreigners for different productive sectors. The present study has the objective of assessing the impact of oil prices and investment direct foreign investment in the economic growth of Ecuador during the period 2013-2022. The research approach is quantitative, the analysis method is hypothetical – deductive, with a depth of descriptive – explanatory study. The main results facilitated the conclusion that the price of crude oil is highly unstable as a result of imbalances between supply and demand oil in international markets. The participation of FDI in the Ecuadorian economy is low; Although it helps generate employment, in the short term term has no major impact. The econometric model provided arguments to affirm that only the price of crude oil was related to growth economic during the period 2013 - 2022; Therefore, the oil activity is the more important. Although, it was not a determining factor due to the development of other productive activities in Ecuador
Starting in the 1970s, oil in Ecuador became the main export good. The oil experience in the country, after more than 50 years of journey shows the specialization of the national economy in the primary good. In addition to being an important source of income from crude oil exports; he oil, is one of the factors that has allowed the attraction of capital foreigners for different productive sectors. The present study has the objective of assessing the impact of oil prices and investment direct foreign investment in the economic growth of Ecuador during the period 2013-2022. The research approach is quantitative, the analysis method is hypothetical – deductive, with a depth of descriptive – explanatory study. The main results facilitated the conclusion that the price of crude oil is highly unstable as a result of imbalances between supply and demand oil in international markets. The participation of FDI in the Ecuadorian economy is low; Although it helps generate employment, in the short term term has no major impact. The econometric model provided arguments to affirm that only the price of crude oil was related to growth economic during the period 2013 - 2022; Therefore, the oil activity is the more important. Although, it was not a determining factor due to the development of other productive activities in Ecuador
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Palabras clave
PETRÓLEO, PRODUCCIÓN PETROLERA, INVERSIÓN EXTRANJERA DIRECTA, ACTIVIDAD ECONÓMICA