Adhesión del Ecuador a la CONVEMAR: "Entre una utopía marítima y la verdadera conciencia marítima nacional
Fecha
2011
Autores
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Editor
Universidad de Guayaquil. Instituto Superior de Postgrado en Ciencias Internacionales "Dr. Antonio Parra Velasco"
Resumen
Esta Tesis de Grado, es fruto de investigaciones de diversa índole, y abarca aspectos navales y jurídicos que son de importancia capital para nuestro país. La CONVEMAR es elaborada por Comisiones especializadas; que atendieron a su debido tiempo el pedido de la Comisión del Derecho del Mar, un ente creado por las Naciones Unidas y que debate los temas de esta Constitución de los Mares, en la Sesión más larga de las naciones Unidas, pues demoró nueve años en los cuales finalmente se impuso la mayoría numérica y no los mandatos de las grandes potencias marítimas mundiales. Y si bien es cierto que norma el laberinto caótico de supremacía de las naciones que dominaban los mares, deja a la costumbre como elemento jurídico ya existente, abriendo un resquicio a las naciones que supuestamente no habían firmado tratados reales de límites reconocidos como tales y que no servían sino sólo para cierta actividad como la explotación de recursos ictiológicos, que es el caso de nuestro país, de Perú y Chile.
Ese punto de vista peruano, no compartido por nuestra nación ni por Chile, es el gran fundamento para ciertos patrioteros que contagiados por el trauma de pérdidas territoriales que ha sufrido nuestra patria desde su fundación, temen perder parte de nuestro mar por acoger como verdadero el criterio peruano de que nunca se firmaron tratado de límites, sino solamente convenios de actividad de pesca y navegación. Pero a lo largo de esta tesis se podrá corroborar que sí se consideraron a los paralelos que nacían en los hitos de las fronteras terrestres, mar afuera en una distancia de 200 millas marinas como límites que inclusive fueron reconocidos jurídicamente por los respectivos Congresos de estas naciones.
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Los principales logros de CONVEMAR son no solamente el establecimiento de normas para el aprovechamiento del mar en sus diferentes temas, sino principalmente el reconocimiento por parte de las Naciones Unidas de los Derechos sobre el mar aún de las naciones que no poseen litoral y que pueden realizar cualquier actividad en beneficio de sus pueblos en alta mar como patrimonio de Todas los Pueblos del Mundo, a más de poder disfrutar de un paso inocente en cualquier mar que no sea territorial, el tendido de cables submarinos etc., y de Convenios para aprovechamiento de recursos sub marinos con aquellos países que tienen litoral, pero no disponen de la tecnología y recursos materiales para tal propósito.
Personalmente pienso que aquella disposición de CONVEMAR de que NINGÚN CONFLICTO SOBRE EL MAR PUEDE SER RESUELTO POR LA FUERZA, sino por los Derechos, es un avance para aquellas naciones que nos hemos caracterizado por ser países de paz con un Ministerio de Defensa y no de Guerra, en el que la resolución de un conflicto por las armas no forma parte de nuestro léxico ni propósito. Finalmente saber que existe conciencia a nivel mundial amparada por este Convenio del Mar, para proteger este mundo que nos ofrece tantas perspectivas para acabar con la contaminación y hambre en nuestro mundo, hace imprescindible que nuestro país se adhiera a este Convenio lo más antes posible y que la Asamblea Nacional lo incorpore a nuestra Constitución es el anhelo de quienes conocemos por nuestra profesión y estudios todas las garantías que gozaremos protegidos por este Convenio de carácter mundial y al que la mayor parte de las naciones de este planeta han plegado por reconocer los inmensos beneficios que cobijan a quienes forman parte de sus Estatutos.
This Thesis is the result of research of various kinds, and covers naval and legal aspects that are of importance to our country. UNCLOS is produced by specialized committees, who attended timely order of the Commission for the Law of the Sea, a body created by the United Nations and debate topics in this Constitution of the Seas, the longest session of the United nations, took nine years for which finally the numerical majority and not the mandates of the world's great maritime powers imposed. And while it is true that the standard chaotic maze of supremacy of nations that dominated the seas, leaving custom as existing legal element, opening a gap to the nations that supposedly had not signed treaties actual limits recognized as such and no use but only to a certain activity as exploitation of fish resources, which is the case of our country, Peru and Chile That point of view Peruvian , not shared by our nation nor Chile is the great foundation for certain jingoistic that infected by the trauma of territorial losses suffered by our country since its founding , fear losing part of our sea by the host as true Peruvian criterion that never signed border treaty , but only agreements fishing and boating activity . But throughout this thesis can confirm that yes were considered to parallel that were born in the milestones of land borders, offshore at a distance of 200 nautical miles as limits that even were recognized legally by the Congresses of these nations . The main achievements of UNCLOS are not only setting standards for the use of the sea in different subjects, but primarily the recognition by the United Nations on the Rights of the sea even nations that have no coastline and can perform any activity for the benefit of their people at sea and heritage of All the Peoples of the World, you can enjoy more than an innocent step in any territorial sea than the laying of submarine cables etc. . , and agreements for use of sub marine resources with those countries that are landlocked, but do not have the technology and material resources for the purpose. Personally I think that provision of UNCLOS that NO CONFLICT OVER THE SEA TO BE RESOLVED BY FORCE, but for Rights, is a breakthrough for those nations which we have characterized as countries of peace with a Ministry of Defense and not War in the resolution of conflict by force is not part of our lexicon or purpose. Finally know that there is global awareness covered by this Agreement Sea, to protect this world offers us many perspectives to end hunger and pollution in our world, our country is essential to adhere to the Convention as soon as possible and that the National Assembly will join our Constitution is the desire of those who know our profession and studies all the guarantees that we will enjoy protected by this Convention global nature and that most of the nations of this planet have folded to recognize the immense benefits to shelter part of their Statutes.
This Thesis is the result of research of various kinds, and covers naval and legal aspects that are of importance to our country. UNCLOS is produced by specialized committees, who attended timely order of the Commission for the Law of the Sea, a body created by the United Nations and debate topics in this Constitution of the Seas, the longest session of the United nations, took nine years for which finally the numerical majority and not the mandates of the world's great maritime powers imposed. And while it is true that the standard chaotic maze of supremacy of nations that dominated the seas, leaving custom as existing legal element, opening a gap to the nations that supposedly had not signed treaties actual limits recognized as such and no use but only to a certain activity as exploitation of fish resources, which is the case of our country, Peru and Chile That point of view Peruvian , not shared by our nation nor Chile is the great foundation for certain jingoistic that infected by the trauma of territorial losses suffered by our country since its founding , fear losing part of our sea by the host as true Peruvian criterion that never signed border treaty , but only agreements fishing and boating activity . But throughout this thesis can confirm that yes were considered to parallel that were born in the milestones of land borders, offshore at a distance of 200 nautical miles as limits that even were recognized legally by the Congresses of these nations . The main achievements of UNCLOS are not only setting standards for the use of the sea in different subjects, but primarily the recognition by the United Nations on the Rights of the sea even nations that have no coastline and can perform any activity for the benefit of their people at sea and heritage of All the Peoples of the World, you can enjoy more than an innocent step in any territorial sea than the laying of submarine cables etc. . , and agreements for use of sub marine resources with those countries that are landlocked, but do not have the technology and material resources for the purpose. Personally I think that provision of UNCLOS that NO CONFLICT OVER THE SEA TO BE RESOLVED BY FORCE, but for Rights, is a breakthrough for those nations which we have characterized as countries of peace with a Ministry of Defense and not War in the resolution of conflict by force is not part of our lexicon or purpose. Finally know that there is global awareness covered by this Agreement Sea, to protect this world offers us many perspectives to end hunger and pollution in our world, our country is essential to adhere to the Convention as soon as possible and that the National Assembly will join our Constitution is the desire of those who know our profession and studies all the guarantees that we will enjoy protected by this Convention global nature and that most of the nations of this planet have folded to recognize the immense benefits to shelter part of their Statutes.
Descripción
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Palabras clave
ONU, CONVENIO DEL MAR CONVEMAR, ZONA ECONÓMICA EXCLUSIVA, EXPLOTACIÓN DE RECURSOS VIVOS Y NO VIVOS, UN, UNCLOS SEA CONVENTION, EXCLUSIVE ECONOMIC ZONE, OPERATION OF LIVING AND NON-LIVING RESOURCES