Análisis Espacial de cuencas Hidrográficas como soporte a la gestión territorial y ambiental. Caso de estudio: cuenca del río arenillas
Fecha
2016
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El objetivo del presente estudio es elaborar un análisis espacial de la cuenca del río Arenillas integrando variables intrínsecas y externas que contribuyen a la erosión de la cuenca, con la finalidad de identificar zonas mayormente afectadas y que pueden proponerse como zonas a ser reforestadas a corto plazo.
Existen algunos factores que influyen en un correcto manejo de una cuenca hidrográfica tales como la erosión, avance de frontera agrícola-ganadera, cambios de uso de suelo, alteración de las condiciones naturales de las fuentes hídricas y debilidades institucionales. Con respecto a la erosión, ésta puede estar influenciada por factores como el agua, viento. La importancia del estudio en la cuenca del río Arenillas, se debe a que en esta cuenca se encuentra ubicado uno de los embalses más importantes de la región Sur del país, Tahuín, por lo tanto se necesita garantizar la provisión de agua para la sustentabilidad del proyecto.
La metodología se desarrolló en tres fases, la primera fase consiste en la recopilación bibliográfica, identificación y clasificación de los parámetros para posteriormente clasificarlos en factores condicionantes (pendiente, texturas de suelos, usos y coberturas de suelos) y factor desencadenante, la precipitación. La segunda fase consiste en el análisis multicriterio, el cual integra los factores condicionantes y desencadenantes para identificar las zonas potenciales de erosión así como también técnicas de evaluación multicriterio, basadas en jerarquías analíticas y sumas lineales ponderadas de pesos de los factores y clases. Esto último permite la creación de un mapa final de susceptibilidad a la erosión. La tercera y última fase fue el análisis de los resultados. Para tomar decisiones pertinentes sobre programas de conservación se debería considerar las zonas de media, alta y muy alta susceptibilidad a la erosión, las cuales corresponden al 65.49% del total de la zona de estudio, siendo un valor considerable de tener en cuenta para programar acciones de manejo integral en esta cuenca.
The aim of this work is to elaborate a spatial analysis of the Arenillas river basin, focusing on a multicriteria approach integrating intrinsic and external variables contributing to the erosion of the basin, in order to identify the areas most affected and that should be proposed to be reforested in the short term. There are several factors to be taken into account for the proper management of a watershed, including erosion, development of the agricultural and livestock activities, changes in the land use, alteration of the natural conditions of the water sources and a weak institutional management. Regarding erosion, it is influenced by factors such as water and wind. The importance of the study of the Arenillas river basin is that between the limits of this watershed lies one of the most important water reservoirs of the South region of Ecuador, Tahuín, therefore it is necessary to guarantee water for the sustainability of the project. The methodology was developed in three phases, the first phase consisted of a bibliography compilation and revision, identifying and classifying the parameters involved in the erosion process of the watershed as intrinsic (slope gradient, soil texture and land use) or as driving force (precipitation). The second phase involves a multi-criterial approach, which integrates the intrinsic factors and the driving force to identify areas with a high susceptibility of being eroded, based on analytical hierarchy analysis techniques and a weighted linear sum of the factors. This allows the elaboration of an erosion susceptibility map of the basin. The third and last phase consist of the analysis of the results. To make the relevant decisions for the development of conservation programs, there must be considered areas with low, medium, high, and very high susceptibility, which correspond to 65.49% of the total area of the basin, being this an important figure to be taken into account when developing such programs.
The aim of this work is to elaborate a spatial analysis of the Arenillas river basin, focusing on a multicriteria approach integrating intrinsic and external variables contributing to the erosion of the basin, in order to identify the areas most affected and that should be proposed to be reforested in the short term. There are several factors to be taken into account for the proper management of a watershed, including erosion, development of the agricultural and livestock activities, changes in the land use, alteration of the natural conditions of the water sources and a weak institutional management. Regarding erosion, it is influenced by factors such as water and wind. The importance of the study of the Arenillas river basin is that between the limits of this watershed lies one of the most important water reservoirs of the South region of Ecuador, Tahuín, therefore it is necessary to guarantee water for the sustainability of the project. The methodology was developed in three phases, the first phase consisted of a bibliography compilation and revision, identifying and classifying the parameters involved in the erosion process of the watershed as intrinsic (slope gradient, soil texture and land use) or as driving force (precipitation). The second phase involves a multi-criterial approach, which integrates the intrinsic factors and the driving force to identify areas with a high susceptibility of being eroded, based on analytical hierarchy analysis techniques and a weighted linear sum of the factors. This allows the elaboration of an erosion susceptibility map of the basin. The third and last phase consist of the analysis of the results. To make the relevant decisions for the development of conservation programs, there must be considered areas with low, medium, high, and very high susceptibility, which correspond to 65.49% of the total area of the basin, being this an important figure to be taken into account when developing such programs.
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CUENCA HIDROGRÁFICA, GESTIÓN TERRITORIAL, MEDIO AMBIENTE