Diagnóstico clínico y laboratorial de la enfermedad de Kawasaki
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2021
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
Antecedentes: La enfermedad de Kawasaki, es un síndrome vasculítico de la Infancia, muy frecuente en Asia, por lo general afecta a menores de 5 años, de etiología desconocida. Al ser una enfermedad poco frecuente en nuestro medio, conlleva a que no se pueda brindar un diagnóstico oportuno que evite complicaciones graves y la muerte. Objetivo: Establecer los principales criterios clínicos y de laboratorio de la Enfermedad de Kawasaki así como los hallazgos del ecocardiograma presentes en niños en el Hospital Francisco Icaza Bustamante en el periodo 2015 - 2020. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, correlacional con enfoque cuantitativo, para el análisis de los datos se empleó proporciones y frecuencias, los resultados se mostraron en tablas de 2x2 y 2xn, así como gráficos de barras y diagramas de dispersión. Resultados: Se determinó una muestra de 53 pacientes, 60.4% de sexo masculino, con una media de edad de 25 meses. Los principales parámetros de diagnóstico fueron: fiebre, seguido de cambios en las extremidades y exantema. Parámetros de laboratorio principales: leucocitosis y neutrofilia, elevación de PCR, transaminasas. En relación a ecocardiograma la mayoría de los participantes presentaron resultado normales, se pudo establecer un asociación significativa (p=0.000) entre los parámetros de laboratorio y la presencia de enfermedad incompleta de Kawasaki. Conclusiones: Los parámetros clínicos junto con exámenes de laboratorio y ecocardiograma, demostraron ser útiles en el diagnóstico de Enfermedad de Kawasaki en pacientes pediátricos con presentación completa de esta patología
Background: Kawasaki disease is a vasculitic syndrome of childhood, very common in Asia, usually affecting children under 5 years of age, of unknown etiology. Being an infrequent disease in our environment, it is not possible to provide a timely diagnosis to avoid serious complications and death. Objective: Establish the main clinical and laboratory criteria of Kawasaki disease as well as the echocardiogram findings present in children at the Francisco Icaza Bustamante Hospital in the period 2015-2020. Methodology: A descriptive correlational observational study with quantitative approach was performed, proportions and frequencies were used for data analysis, the results were shown in 2x2 and 2xn tables, as well as bar graphs and scatter diagrams. Results: A sample of 53 patients was determined, 60.4% male, with a mean age of 25 months. The main diagnostic parameters were: fever, followed by changes in the extremities and exanthema. Main laboratory parameters: leukocytosis and neutrophilia, elevated CRP, transaminases. In relation to echocardiogram most of the participants presented normal results, a significant association (p=0.000) could be established between laboratory parameters and the presence of incomplete Kawasaki disease. Conclusions: Clinical parameters together with laboratory tests and echocardiogram, proved to be useful in the diagnosis of Kawasaki disease in pediatric patients with complete presentation of this pathology.
Background: Kawasaki disease is a vasculitic syndrome of childhood, very common in Asia, usually affecting children under 5 years of age, of unknown etiology. Being an infrequent disease in our environment, it is not possible to provide a timely diagnosis to avoid serious complications and death. Objective: Establish the main clinical and laboratory criteria of Kawasaki disease as well as the echocardiogram findings present in children at the Francisco Icaza Bustamante Hospital in the period 2015-2020. Methodology: A descriptive correlational observational study with quantitative approach was performed, proportions and frequencies were used for data analysis, the results were shown in 2x2 and 2xn tables, as well as bar graphs and scatter diagrams. Results: A sample of 53 patients was determined, 60.4% male, with a mean age of 25 months. The main diagnostic parameters were: fever, followed by changes in the extremities and exanthema. Main laboratory parameters: leukocytosis and neutrophilia, elevated CRP, transaminases. In relation to echocardiogram most of the participants presented normal results, a significant association (p=0.000) could be established between laboratory parameters and the presence of incomplete Kawasaki disease. Conclusions: Clinical parameters together with laboratory tests and echocardiogram, proved to be useful in the diagnosis of Kawasaki disease in pediatric patients with complete presentation of this pathology.
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DIAGNOSTICO CLINICO, TECNICAS DE LABORATORIO CLINICO, SINDROME MUCOCUTANEO LINFONODULAR, PEDIATRIA, ESTUDIO OBSERVACIONAL, EPIDEMIOLOGIA DESCRIPTIVA, HOSPITAL DEL NIÑO FRANCISCO DE ICAZA BUSTAMANTE, CANTON GUAYAQUIL, ECUADOR