Modelo operativo para el comité de operaciones de emergencia del cantón Guayaquil ante un evento adverso de gran magnitud.
Fecha
2014-05-07
Autores
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ingeniería Industrial. Maestría en Gestión de Riesgos y Desastres.
Resumen
El cantón Guayaquil, está localizado en una de las regiones más sísmicas del mundo denominada Cinturón de Fuego, frente a la placa tectónica de Nazca, que choca contra la placa Sudamericana y muy próximo, a una serie de fallas geológicas, y por el uso inadecuado del suelo y el tipo de construcción, lo convierten en un lugar muy expuesto ante este fenómeno natural.Las autoridades, deben velar el bienestar urbano ante los riesgos naturales o antrópicos, ejerciendo la Gestión de Riesgos amparados en el marco legal vigente, como leyes constitucionales, convenios internacionales, reglamentos de ley, resoluciones del ente rector, ordenanzas municipales, protocolos, planes de acción y manuales institucionales. Este trabajo, pretende contribuir con la definición de funciones e interrelación, para que los responsables de cada segmento de las tres áreas del Comité de Operaciones de Emergencias del Cantón de Guayaquil lo consideren como viable y puedan aplicarlo y entonces con sus actuaciones y/o decisiones, previas y posteriores a un evento adverso, logren reducir al máximo la vulnerabilidad. En el área de operaciones se ha recomendado que mínimo se deben crear 7 mesas de trabajo técnico y no solo soportar la primera respuesta del impacto del evento adverso, sino llegar a planificar con las mesas sectoriales temáticas, el plan de Recuperación a Mediano y Largo plazo.Estas mesas deberán estar coordinadas por una mesa central que consolide la información y haga el seguimiento respectivo; en el caso del cantón Guayaquil, la Dirección de Gestión de Riesgos deberá realizar esta labor.Para ello, se han consultado fuentes primarias y secundarias que provienen de actores y/o instituciones nacionales e internacionales especializadas o participantes de un COE Cantonal y los aportes del autor en el campo práctico.
The city of Guayaquil, Ecuador, is located in one of the most seismically-active areas of the world—the Pacific Ring of Fire—where the Nazca and South America tectonic plates collide. Guayaquil is also close to a series of geological fault lines; this, coupled with inappropriate land use and construction methods, increases the city’s vulnerability to earthquakes. City authorities must keep the well-being and safety of urban populations at the forefront of planning for natural and man-made hazards. As such, disaster risk reduction is an important approach to incorporate, one that obligates the support of the existing legal framework—including international agreements, constitutional laws and regulations, ministerial resolutions, and municipal ordinances, protocols, and action plans—as well as clear institutional guidance. This paper aims to contribute to the improved organization and implementation of the three areas of the City of Guayaquil’s Emergency Operations Center (EOC)—information management, EOC operations, and political decision-making—through better defining functions and responsibilities and therein reducing vulnerability prior to and following an adverse event. As a first step, this paper proposes the creation of at least seven technical working groups, which will both support emergency first response and plan for medium- and long-term recovery. A central body will coordinate and consolidate the information from the technical working groups, including any relevant follow up. In Guayaquil Canton the Risk Management Division will act as the central organizing body. The author has consulted primary and secondary sources, including members of Guayaquil’s EOC and specialized national and international entities and institutions, as well as drawn on his own experience as a disaster risk management specialist.
The city of Guayaquil, Ecuador, is located in one of the most seismically-active areas of the world—the Pacific Ring of Fire—where the Nazca and South America tectonic plates collide. Guayaquil is also close to a series of geological fault lines; this, coupled with inappropriate land use and construction methods, increases the city’s vulnerability to earthquakes. City authorities must keep the well-being and safety of urban populations at the forefront of planning for natural and man-made hazards. As such, disaster risk reduction is an important approach to incorporate, one that obligates the support of the existing legal framework—including international agreements, constitutional laws and regulations, ministerial resolutions, and municipal ordinances, protocols, and action plans—as well as clear institutional guidance. This paper aims to contribute to the improved organization and implementation of the three areas of the City of Guayaquil’s Emergency Operations Center (EOC)—information management, EOC operations, and political decision-making—through better defining functions and responsibilities and therein reducing vulnerability prior to and following an adverse event. As a first step, this paper proposes the creation of at least seven technical working groups, which will both support emergency first response and plan for medium- and long-term recovery. A central body will coordinate and consolidate the information from the technical working groups, including any relevant follow up. In Guayaquil Canton the Risk Management Division will act as the central organizing body. The author has consulted primary and secondary sources, including members of Guayaquil’s EOC and specialized national and international entities and institutions, as well as drawn on his own experience as a disaster risk management specialist.
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Palabras clave
GESTIÓN DE RIESGOS Y DESASTRES, OPERACIONES DE EMERGENCIA, MODELO, EVENTO DE GRAN MAGNITUD