Factores de riesgo de cáncer cervico uterino en mujeres de 20 a 55 años en el Hospital Abel Gilbert Pontón desde enero del 2010 a diciembre del 2014
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2015
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Medicina
Resumen
El cáncer de Cérvix es la segunda causa de muerte en la población femenina por cáncer en todo el mundo. En los países en vías de desarrollo como en el ecuador suele diagnosticarse en etapas avanzadas y está en gran parte asociado a la infección por el Virus del papiloma humano (VPH). La identificación precoz por medio de campañas que promuevan el conocimiento de los factores de riesgo y de la importancia de un chequeo ginecológico como mínimo una vez al año es fundamental. Se identificaron los factores de riesgo en los pacientes con diagnóstico de cáncer de Cérvix en el Hospital Abel Gilbert Pontón. El presente estudio fue de tipo descriptivo, observacional de corte transversal. Se analizó a 92 pacientes todos atendidos por el servicio de Ginecología entre el 1 de enero del 2010 hasta el 31 de diciembre del 2014. El promedio de edad es de 41,27 años (rango entre los 20 y 57 años) la mayor proporción de paciente se encontró en el grupo etario de las mayores de 40 años. Los principales factores de Riesgo en la muestra estudiada fueron los antecedentes gineco obstétricos entre ellos los más concluyentes fueron el número de parejas sexuales el cual el rango de mayores a 4 tuvo el porcentaje mayor (46,74%), el inicio de la vida sexual en el que el rango de menores de 15 años fue de (53,26%), el no uso de anticonceptivos con un porcentaje de (41,30%) como el número de gestas el porcentaje fue mayor en mujeres que pasaban las 4 gestaciones en un (55,43%) de los casos, la multiparidad en el rango de 3 a 4 gestas con el mayor porcentaje de (40,22%) y es importante recalcar uno de los factores de riesgo más importantes demostrados en este estudio fue el de los antecedentes patológicos familiares el cual mujeres con madres diagnosticas con Cáncer de Cérvix tuvieron un porcentaje alto de (58,70%) en lo cual demuestra la importancia de concientizar a las a personas por medio de campañas informativas la necesidad del uso de métodos de barrera, una buena planificación familiar y un control ginecológico adecuado ayudaran a la prevención y detección temprana de la enfermedad.
Cervical cancer is the second leading cause of death from cancer among women worldwide. In developing countries as in Ecuador often diagnosed in advanced stages and is largely associated with infection by the human papilloma virus (HPV). Early identification through campaigns to promote awareness of the risk factors and the importance of a gynecological checkup at least once a year is critical. The risk factors identified in patients diagnosed with cervical cancer in the Abel Gilbert Pontón Hospital. This study was descriptive, cross-sectional observational. All 92 patients treated by the service of Gynecology between January 1, 2010 until December 31, 2014 were analyzed. The average age is 41.27 years (range between 20 and 57 years) the highest proportion of patient was found in the age group of over 40 years. The main risk factors in the study sample were obstetrician obstetric history including the most conclusive were the number of sexual partners which the range of greater than 4 had the highest percentage (46.74%), the onset of sexual life in the range of under 15 was (53.26%), non-use of contraceptives with a percentage of (41.30%) as the number of deeds the percentage was higher in women who spent 4 pregnancies in a (55.43%) cases, high parity in the range of 3 to 4 exploits with the highest percentage (40.22%) and is important to emphasize one of the most important risk factors was demonstrated in this study the medical history of the family which women with diagnostic Cervical Cancer mothers had a higher percentage (58.70%) in demonstrating the importance of awareness among people through information campaigns need to use the methods barrier, a good family planning and gynecological examination adequate help to the prevention and early detection of the disease. Keywords: Cervical Cancer, Risk Factors, Human Papillomavirus.
Cervical cancer is the second leading cause of death from cancer among women worldwide. In developing countries as in Ecuador often diagnosed in advanced stages and is largely associated with infection by the human papilloma virus (HPV). Early identification through campaigns to promote awareness of the risk factors and the importance of a gynecological checkup at least once a year is critical. The risk factors identified in patients diagnosed with cervical cancer in the Abel Gilbert Pontón Hospital. This study was descriptive, cross-sectional observational. All 92 patients treated by the service of Gynecology between January 1, 2010 until December 31, 2014 were analyzed. The average age is 41.27 years (range between 20 and 57 years) the highest proportion of patient was found in the age group of over 40 years. The main risk factors in the study sample were obstetrician obstetric history including the most conclusive were the number of sexual partners which the range of greater than 4 had the highest percentage (46.74%), the onset of sexual life in the range of under 15 was (53.26%), non-use of contraceptives with a percentage of (41.30%) as the number of deeds the percentage was higher in women who spent 4 pregnancies in a (55.43%) cases, high parity in the range of 3 to 4 exploits with the highest percentage (40.22%) and is important to emphasize one of the most important risk factors was demonstrated in this study the medical history of the family which women with diagnostic Cervical Cancer mothers had a higher percentage (58.70%) in demonstrating the importance of awareness among people through information campaigns need to use the methods barrier, a good family planning and gynecological examination adequate help to the prevention and early detection of the disease. Keywords: Cervical Cancer, Risk Factors, Human Papillomavirus.
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Factores de riesgo, Neoplasias del cuello uterino, Hospital de Especialidades Guayaquil Dr. Abel Gilbert Pontón, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador