Sepsis neonatal : incidencia y perfil microbiológico obtenido por hemocultivo en el Hospital Universitario de Guayaquil año 2014
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2015
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Medicina
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La sepsis neonatal es el problema médico más común encontrado a nivel mundial y es la principal causa de morbimortalidad neonatal. Los neonatos con sepsis tienen mayor probabilidad de presentar mayor retraso del desarrollo motor y cognitivo en el futuro. Este estudio tiene el objetivo de la determinación por observación indirecta de la incidencia y perfil microbiológico aislado por hemocultivo en el neonato con sepsis en el Hospital Universitario de Guayaquil en el año 2014. El presente estudio fue de tipo descriptivo, observacional de corte transversal. Se analizó todos los pacientes que ingresaron en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales entre el 1 de enero del 2014 hasta el 31 de diciembre del 2014. En los resultados la incidencia de sepsis neonatal en el 2014 fue de 44,71 x 1000 nacidos vivos y el perfil microbiológico obtenido fue: Estreptococo Del Grupo B (65%); siendo este el predominante en hemocultivo, Estafilococo Aureus (16%), Estafilococo Coagulasa Negativo (10%) y Escherichia Coli (9%). Los factores de riesgo neonatales más importantes involucrados en el desarrollo de sepsis fueron: edad gestacional mayor a 37 semanas (87%) y sexo masculino (80%). Los factores de riesgo maternos más importantes involucrados en el desarrollo de sepsis neonatal fueron parto vaginal (77%), más de 2 tactos vaginales antes del parto (89%), menos de 3 controles prenatales en todo el embarazo (67%), e infección de vías urinarias en el tercer trimestre de gestación (55%).
Neonatal sepsis is the most common medical problem found worldwide and is the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Infants with sepsis are more likely to have an increased delayed motor and cognitive development in the future. This study aims the determination by indirect observation of the incidence and microbiological profile isolated by blood culture in neonates with sepsis at the Hospital Universitario de Guayaquil in 2014. This study was descriptive and cross-sectional observational. All patients admitted to the neonatal Intensive Care Unit from January 1, 2014 to 31 December 2014 were analyzed. The results were: the incidence of neonatal sepsis in 2014 was 44.71 per 1,000 live births and the microbiological profile obtained was: Streptococcus Group B (65%); being the predominant in the blood culture, Staphylococcus Aureus (16%), Coagulase negative Staphylococcus (10%) and Escherichia coli (9%). The most important risk factors involved in the development of neonatal sepsis were: gestational age superior to 37 weeks (87%) and male sex (80%). The most important maternal risk factors involved in the development of neonatal sepsis were vaginal delivery (77%), more than 2 vaginal examinations before delivery (89%), less than 3 prenatal visits throughout pregnancy (67%), and urinary tract infection in the third trimester (55%).
Neonatal sepsis is the most common medical problem found worldwide and is the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Infants with sepsis are more likely to have an increased delayed motor and cognitive development in the future. This study aims the determination by indirect observation of the incidence and microbiological profile isolated by blood culture in neonates with sepsis at the Hospital Universitario de Guayaquil in 2014. This study was descriptive and cross-sectional observational. All patients admitted to the neonatal Intensive Care Unit from January 1, 2014 to 31 December 2014 were analyzed. The results were: the incidence of neonatal sepsis in 2014 was 44.71 per 1,000 live births and the microbiological profile obtained was: Streptococcus Group B (65%); being the predominant in the blood culture, Staphylococcus Aureus (16%), Coagulase negative Staphylococcus (10%) and Escherichia coli (9%). The most important risk factors involved in the development of neonatal sepsis were: gestational age superior to 37 weeks (87%) and male sex (80%). The most important maternal risk factors involved in the development of neonatal sepsis were vaginal delivery (77%), more than 2 vaginal examinations before delivery (89%), less than 3 prenatal visits throughout pregnancy (67%), and urinary tract infection in the third trimester (55%).
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Sepsis neonatal, Microbiología, Cultivo de sangre, Epidemiología descriptiva, Hospital Universitario de Guayaquil, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador