Factores de riesgo del infarto agudo de miocardio, cuadro clínico estudio realizado en pacientes de 40 y más años en el año 2012 al 2014
Fecha
2015
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Medicina
Resumen
El infarto agudo de miocardio es una de las patologías más importantes de nuestros tiempos, debido a la gran mortalidad asociada a esta enfermedad, a las complicaciones a las que lleva y su incremento cada día. Este mismo va de la mano con el aumento de sus factores de riesgo, a pesar de que en la actualidad, contamos con innumerables medios para el tratamiento de los mismos.
En este estudio se incluyó los pacientes de las aéreas de hospitalización y emergencia con IAM en el Hospital Universitario de Guayaquil durante los años 2012, 2013 y 2014, excluyéndose los pacientes con IAM que no cuenten con los criterios de inclusión. El estudio es Descriptivo retrospectivo, usando la información dada por la base de datos del departamento de estadística, de los pacientes atendidos durante el período de estudio, la misma que fue analizada y tabulada.
Los resultados del presente trabajo indican que de los 100 casos estudiados, los factores de riesgo no modificables más frecuente en cuanto el sexo, el masculino tuvo mayor prevalencia en relación con el femenino y con respecto a la edad la más frecuente fue entre 60 y 69, seguido de 50 y 59 y luego 70 y 79. Entre los factores de riesgo modificables, la HTA fue el más frecuente, luego la DM II y las dislipidemias. Presentándose el cuadro clínico característico de IAM, dolor precordial que en todos los casos no se acompañó de irradiación, seguido de la disnea y síntomas vasomotores.
Es importante actuar en la prevención de los factores de riesgo del IAM, dado que de estos los más frecuentes pueden ser modificados, si se tratan a tiempo, y teniendo claro que presenta un cuadro clínico característico, que nos facilitan el diagnostico. Por tal motivo se propone dar charlas educativas por parte del personal del Hospital destinadas a darle mayor énfasis a la prevención de los factores de riesgo más frecuentes, así lograremos una disminución de la incidencia de los mismo, y por ende del IAM.
Acute myocardial infarction is one of the major diseases of our time , due to the high mortality associated with this disease, complications leading to and increase every day. The same goes hand in hand with increased risk factors , although at present, we have many ways to treat them. In this study patients airlines and emergency hospitalization with AMI at the University Hospital of Guayaquil was included for the years 2012, 2013 and 2014, excluding patients with AMI who do not have the inclusion criteria . The study is retrospective descriptive, using the information given by the database of the statistical department of the patients seen during the study period , the same that was analyzed and tabulated. The results of this study indicate that of the 100 cases studied, non-modifiable risk factors more prevalent as sex, men had higher prevalence in relation to women and with respect to the most frequent age was between 60 and 69 followed by 50 and 59 and then 70 and 79. Among the modifiable risk factors , hypertension was the most frequent , then the DM II and dyslipidemia . Presenting the characteristic clinical picture of AMI , chest pain in all cases not accompanied by irradiation, followed by dyspnea and vasomotor symptoms. It is important to act in the prevention of risk factors for AMI , as the most frequent of these can be modified, if treated in time , and having clearly has a characteristic clinical picture , which facilitate the diagnosis. Therefore it is proposed to give educational talks by staff of the Hospital designed to give greater emphasis to the prevention of the most common risk factors and achieve a reduction in the incidence of the same , and therefore the IAM .
Acute myocardial infarction is one of the major diseases of our time , due to the high mortality associated with this disease, complications leading to and increase every day. The same goes hand in hand with increased risk factors , although at present, we have many ways to treat them. In this study patients airlines and emergency hospitalization with AMI at the University Hospital of Guayaquil was included for the years 2012, 2013 and 2014, excluding patients with AMI who do not have the inclusion criteria . The study is retrospective descriptive, using the information given by the database of the statistical department of the patients seen during the study period , the same that was analyzed and tabulated. The results of this study indicate that of the 100 cases studied, non-modifiable risk factors more prevalent as sex, men had higher prevalence in relation to women and with respect to the most frequent age was between 60 and 69 followed by 50 and 59 and then 70 and 79. Among the modifiable risk factors , hypertension was the most frequent , then the DM II and dyslipidemia . Presenting the characteristic clinical picture of AMI , chest pain in all cases not accompanied by irradiation, followed by dyspnea and vasomotor symptoms. It is important to act in the prevention of risk factors for AMI , as the most frequent of these can be modified, if treated in time , and having clearly has a characteristic clinical picture , which facilitate the diagnosis. Therefore it is proposed to give educational talks by staff of the Hospital designed to give greater emphasis to the prevention of the most common risk factors and achieve a reduction in the incidence of the same , and therefore the IAM .
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INFARTO DEL MIOCARDIO, FACTORES DE RIESGO, HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARIO DE GUAYAQUIL, CANTON GUAYAQUIL, SIGNOS Y SINTOMAS, ADULTO