Los eventos cerebrovasculares hemorragicos en pacientes con hipertensión arterial varones entre 50 a 70 años de edad en Hospital Abel Gilbert Pontón período de 1 de enero a 31 de diciembre de 2014
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2015
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Medicina
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INTRODUCCIÓN: La enfermedad cerebrovascular o ictus representa la tercera causa de muerte en el mundo y la primera causa más frecuente de discapacidad permanente en adultos. El accidente cerebrovascular (ACV) es una entidad heterogénea tanto en sus formas de presentación como en su etiopatogenia y su pronóstico a corto y largo plazo varía según el subtipo.
El ictus se clasifica en hemorrágico e isquémico.
El ictus isquémico se origina por trastornos en la circulación cerebral causados por una oclusión vascular focal que da lugar a una reducción transitoria o definitiva del aporte de oxígeno y glucosa que afecta el funcionamiento de una o varias partes del encéfalo, con la consecuente interrupción de la actividad metabólica del territorio afectado.
Hemorrágico cuando se localiza tejido hemático en el área de lesión, se denominan como hemorragia cerebral parenquimatosas o hematoma cerebral a los sangramientos que ocurren en el cerebro, que pueden extenderse y alcanzar los ventrículos o el espacio subaracnoideo secundariamente. El concepto de hemorragia cerebral correspondería a un sangramiento de localización profunda y poco delimitado, que infiltra los tejidos y tractos, y que por extensión alcanza muchas veces a los ventrículos y/o espacio subaracnoideo; en tanto el termino hematoma cerebral correspondería a hemorragias bien delimitadas y más superficiales en el cerebro o hemisferios cerebelosos, que frecuentemente alcanzan la corteza y no se extienden a los ventrículos.
OBJETIVO: Determinar la tasa de mortalidad de pacientes con accidentes cerebrovasculares hemorrágicos atendidos en el hospital Abel Gilbert pontón en el año 2014, identificar los tipos de discapacidades ocasionadas por accidentes cerebrovasculares hemorrágicos, mediante la revisión estadística de historias clínicas y así establecer medidas preventivas identificando los factores de riesgo modificables que puedan reducir el índice de mortalidad.
MATERIALES Y METODOS: Las muestras fueron de tipo estadístico, de pacientes atendidos en el Hospital Abel Gilbert Pontón en el periodo establecido, aplicando criterios de inclusión y exclusión.
RESULTADOS: Del total de epicrisis revisadas, el porcentaje de pacientes masculinos con enfermedad cerebro vascular hemorrágica es de un 56.32% y femenino de un 43.68%, el promedio de edad ocurre a un promedio de 67 años.
CONCLUSIONES: del grupo de estudio observado se concluyó que la mayoría de pacientes son de sexo masculino y que la hipertensión arterial es el factor de riesgo más asociado a esta patología.
INTRODUCTION: Cerebrovascular disease and stroke is the third leading cause of death worldwide and the first leading cause of permanent disability in adults. The cerebrovascular accident (CVA) is a heterogeneous entity both in its presentation and in its pathogenesis and prognosis in the short and long term varies by subtype. Stroke is classified as hemorrhagic and ischemic. Ischemic stroke is caused by cerebral circulation disorders caused by vascular occlusion focal resulting in a temporary or permanent reduction of oxygen and glucose that affects the function of one or more parts of the brain, with the consequent interruption of the metabolic activity of the affected territory. Hematic bleeding when tissue is located in the area of injury is referred to as cerebral hemorrhage or cerebral hematoma parenchymatous bleedings occurring in the brain, which can spread and reach the ventricles or the subarachnoid space secondarily. The concept of brain hemorrhage correspond to a deep and little bleeding defined location that infiltrates tissues and tracts, and by extension many times to reach the ventricles and / or subarachnoid space; while the term cerebral hematoma correspond to well defined and more superficial bleeding in the brain or cerebellar hemispheres, which often reach the cortex and do not extend to the ventricles. OBJECTIVE: To determine the mortality rate of patients with hemorrhagic strokes treated at the hospital pontoon Abel Gilbert in 2014, identifying the types of disabilities caused by hemorrhagic strokes, using statistical review of medical records and establish preventive measures identifying modifiable risk factors that can reduce the mortality rate. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Samples were statistical type of patients treated at the Hospital Abel Gilbert Pontón in the period established by applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS: Of the total revised epicrisis, the percentage of male patients with hemorrhagic brain vascular disease is a 56.32% and a 43.68% female, average age occurs an average of 67 years. CONCLUSIONS: the observed study group concluded that most patients were male and that hypertension is the risk factor associated with this pathology.
INTRODUCTION: Cerebrovascular disease and stroke is the third leading cause of death worldwide and the first leading cause of permanent disability in adults. The cerebrovascular accident (CVA) is a heterogeneous entity both in its presentation and in its pathogenesis and prognosis in the short and long term varies by subtype. Stroke is classified as hemorrhagic and ischemic. Ischemic stroke is caused by cerebral circulation disorders caused by vascular occlusion focal resulting in a temporary or permanent reduction of oxygen and glucose that affects the function of one or more parts of the brain, with the consequent interruption of the metabolic activity of the affected territory. Hematic bleeding when tissue is located in the area of injury is referred to as cerebral hemorrhage or cerebral hematoma parenchymatous bleedings occurring in the brain, which can spread and reach the ventricles or the subarachnoid space secondarily. The concept of brain hemorrhage correspond to a deep and little bleeding defined location that infiltrates tissues and tracts, and by extension many times to reach the ventricles and / or subarachnoid space; while the term cerebral hematoma correspond to well defined and more superficial bleeding in the brain or cerebellar hemispheres, which often reach the cortex and do not extend to the ventricles. OBJECTIVE: To determine the mortality rate of patients with hemorrhagic strokes treated at the hospital pontoon Abel Gilbert in 2014, identifying the types of disabilities caused by hemorrhagic strokes, using statistical review of medical records and establish preventive measures identifying modifiable risk factors that can reduce the mortality rate. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Samples were statistical type of patients treated at the Hospital Abel Gilbert Pontón in the period established by applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS: Of the total revised epicrisis, the percentage of male patients with hemorrhagic brain vascular disease is a 56.32% and a 43.68% female, average age occurs an average of 67 years. CONCLUSIONS: the observed study group concluded that most patients were male and that hypertension is the risk factor associated with this pathology.
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Hipertensión, Eventos cerebrovasculares, Hemorragia, Hospital de Especialidades Guayaquil Dr. Abel Gilbert Pontón, Cantón Guayaquil