Incidencia de atopías en pacientes de 1 a 4 años de edad que acuden a Emergencia estudio a realizarse en el Hospital Naval Guayaquil, período 2013-2014
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2015
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Medicina
Resumen
La atopia se define como la tendencia a producir anticuerpos IgE específicos frente a
alérgenos y se expresa clínicamente como dermatitis-eccema, asma y Rinoconjuntivitis.
En los últimos años se ha documentado el aumento de la prevalencia de atopia en los
países desarrollados. La detección de los alérgenos implicados es necesaria para unas
medidas terapéuticas óptimas.
En el 2013 hubo el 45% de ingresos en relación con el 55 % para el 2014, este dato
nos indica la mayor accesibilidad a los servicios de salud , que nos habla del plan
nacional del buen vivir 2013-2017 objetivo 3.
El género masculino es el más afectado en esta patología representando el 56.65 % de
la muestra en relación con el 43.4% con el género femenino.
La edad más frecuente de presentación de esta patología es a los 3 años de edad
representando 29.5%.
La gran mayoría de pacientes tienen un IMC entre los límites normales, el valor que
más se repite es 18.50 Kg/m2 que representa el 9,3% de los casos, no se observa una
relación clara entre el IMC y las atopias.
La raza más afectada en pacientes con atopias son los mestizos con un 42.6 % de la
muestra, seguida de la raza blanca y con 19.4 %
Se evidenció que la atopia con mayor porcentaje de presentación es el Asma 36.4%,
seguida por la Rinitis alérgica con el 34.1 % de los casos , Dermatitis atópica con el
20.2% y Conjuntivitis alérgica con el 9.3%, compartiendo con otros estudios a nivel
mundial el orden de presentación.
De los 129 pacientes con atopias el 32.6% de los alérgenos fueron las gramíneas,
seguido de alternarías con 18.6%, animales con el 14.0%, acaros con el 12.4%, maleza
11.6 % y alimentos el 10.9%
Atopy is defined as the tendency to produce specific IgE antibodies to allergens and dermatitis-clinically expressed as eczema, asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis. In recent years it has been documented increased prevalence of atopy in developed countries. Detecting allergens involved is necessary for optimum therapeutic measures. In 2013 there were 45% of revenue in relation to 55% for 2014, this gives us greater access to health services, which tells of the National Plan for Good Living 2013-2017 Objective 3. The male is the most affected in this disease accounting for 56.65% of the sample relative to 43.4% with the female gender. The most common age of onset of this disease is 3 years old represent 29.5%. The vast majority of patients have a BMI in the normal range, the value that is repeated is 18.50 kg / m2 which represents 9.3% of cases, no clear relationship between BMI and atopy is observed. The breed most affected in patients with atopy are mestizos with 42.6% of the sample, followed by Caucasians and 19.4% It showed that the highest percentage of atopy presentation is Asthma 36.4%, followed by allergic rhinitis in 34.1% of cases, atopic dermatitis with allergic conjunctivitis 20.2% and 9.3% in sharing with other studies worldwide the order of presentation. Of the 129 patients with atopy 32.6% of allergens were grass, Alternaria followed with 18.6%, 14.0% animals, mites with 12.4%, 11.6% and food undergrowth 10.9%.
Atopy is defined as the tendency to produce specific IgE antibodies to allergens and dermatitis-clinically expressed as eczema, asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis. In recent years it has been documented increased prevalence of atopy in developed countries. Detecting allergens involved is necessary for optimum therapeutic measures. In 2013 there were 45% of revenue in relation to 55% for 2014, this gives us greater access to health services, which tells of the National Plan for Good Living 2013-2017 Objective 3. The male is the most affected in this disease accounting for 56.65% of the sample relative to 43.4% with the female gender. The most common age of onset of this disease is 3 years old represent 29.5%. The vast majority of patients have a BMI in the normal range, the value that is repeated is 18.50 kg / m2 which represents 9.3% of cases, no clear relationship between BMI and atopy is observed. The breed most affected in patients with atopy are mestizos with 42.6% of the sample, followed by Caucasians and 19.4% It showed that the highest percentage of atopy presentation is Asthma 36.4%, followed by allergic rhinitis in 34.1% of cases, atopic dermatitis with allergic conjunctivitis 20.2% and 9.3% in sharing with other studies worldwide the order of presentation. Of the 129 patients with atopy 32.6% of allergens were grass, Alternaria followed with 18.6%, 14.0% animals, mites with 12.4%, 11.6% and food undergrowth 10.9%.
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Atopías, Pediatría, Hospital Naval Guayaquil, Dermatitis atópica, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador